Hema Lec #1 : Megakaryocytic Series

Question 1

Which of the followiing that best describe the platelet?

a. non-nucleated blood cells that is a successor cell of metamegakaryocyte
b. nucleated blood cells that triggers primary hemostasis upon exposure to subendothelial collagen
c. non-nucleated blood cells that is not a successor cell of metamegakaryocyte
d. none of the above

Answer 1

c. non-nucleated blood cells that is not a successor cell of metamegakaryocyte

Question 2

Platelet arise from unique bone marrow cells called ____________

Answer 2

Megakaryocyte

Question 3

All of the following are true about megakaryocyte EXCEPT:

a. large cells with lobated nuclei; diploid
b. responds the growth factor thrombopoietin
c. large cells with multilobated nuclei; polyploid
d. recruited from common myeloid progenitors

Answer 3

a. large cells with lobated nuclei; diploid

Question 4

what transription gene product and its cofactor that influence megakaryocyte progenitor from common myeloid progenitor

Answer 4

GATA-1, regulated by cofactor FOG1

Question 5

megakaryocyte differentiation is suppressed by another transcription gene product: ____

Answer 5

MYB

Question 6

T/F. GATA-1 and MYB work together to balance the megakaryocytopoiesis in one arm and erythropoiesis in another arm

Answer 6

False. opposition

Question 7

State the 3 megakaryocyte lineage-commited progenitor stages that arise from common myeloid progenitor

Answer 7

• BFU-meg (Burst-forming unit)
• CFU-Meg (Colony-Forming unit)
• LD-CFU-Meg (Low Density …)

Question 8

which of the three megakaryocyte lineage that loses its capacity to divide but continues to replicate DNA and mature its cytoplasm?

Answer 8

Low Density-Colony-Forming unit Mergakaryocyte

Question 9

T/F. 3 megakaryocyte lineage resembles lymphocyte that can be distinguished by Wright-stained light microscopy

Answer 9

False. cannot be distinguished

Question 10

a form of mitosis that does not separate into daughter cells

Answer 10

Endomitosis

Question 11

what transcription factor that mediates the switch from mitosis to endomitosis?

Answer 11

RUNX1

Question 12

What transcription factor that still proceeds DNA replication during endomitosis?

Answer 12

NF-E2

Question 13

A series of stages which can be recognized on Wright-stained bone marrow smears or H&E stained bone marrow biopsy slides

Answer 13

Terminal differentiation

Question 14

What megakaryocyte stage that has plasma membrane blebs?

Answer 14

Megakaryoblast

Question 15

what megakaryocyte stage where it begins to develop most of its cytoplasmic ultrastructure including: alpha granules, dense granules and demarcation system

Answer 15

Megakaryoblast

Question 16

T/F. the DMS is biologically identical to the megakaryocyte plasma membrane and ultimately delineates the individual platelets during thrombopoiesis

Answer 16

true

Question 17

what megakaryocytic stage that reaches its full ploidy level by the end of the stage

Answer 17

Promegakaryocyte

Question 18

what megakaryocytic stage wherein DMS is fully developed by the end of this stage

Answer 18

promegakaryocyte

Question 19

what megakaryocytic stage wherein its nucleus is irregularly indented?

Answer 19

promegakaryocyte

Question 20

Most abundant stage and easily recognizable at low power magnification

Answer 20

Megakaryocyte

Question 21

what megakaryocytic stage wherein its its prominent feature is multilobulated nuclei?

Answer 21

Megakaryocyte

Question 22

what megakaryocytic stage wherein its nucleus is intensely indented?

Answer 22

Megakaryocyte

Question 23

what megakaryocytic stage wherein alpha and dense granules have fully developed and DMS is also fully developed?

Answer 23

Megakaryocyte

Question 24

a single megakaryocyte may shed how many plateletsa?

Answer 24

2000-4000 platelets

Question 25

What process is called when megakaryocyte shed platelets?

Answer 25

Thrombopoiesis

Question 26

A TPO receptor site that is present at all maturation stages

Answer 26

Flow Cytometry

Question 27

A technique that can detect cytoplasmic coagulation factor VIII, VWF, fibrinogen and CD61 in the fully developed megakaryocyte

Answer 27

immunostaining

Question 28

A technique that uses antibodies that are directed against markers such as CD61

Answer 28

immunohistochemistry

Question 29

in immunohistochemistry, if the marker is present in the sample, it will manifest, what color?

Answer 29

brown

Question 30

it is basically "platelet shedding"

Answer 30

thrombopoiesis

Question 31

what transmission is used when realtime platelet budding may be seen

Answer 31

electron microscopy

Question 32

T/F. Megakaryocyte processes are believed to pierce through or between sinusoid-lining endothelial cells, extend into the venous blood and shed platelets

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Naked megakaryocyte nuclei are left behind and consumed by ....

Answer 33

marrow macrophage

Question 34

most important hormone of megakaryocytopoiesis

Answer 34

thrombopoietin

Question 35

what is the primary source of TPO?

Answer 35

liver

Question 36

what are other sources where mRNA of TPO is located aside from the liver?

Answer 36

kidney, stromal cells, and smooth muscle cells

Question 37

it is a ligand that binds megakaryocyte and platelet membrane receptor protein (MPL)

Answer 37

thrombopoietin

Question 38

T/F. Plasma concentration is directly proportional to platelet and megakaryocyte mass

Answer 38

False. Inversely proportional

Question 39

other cytokines that function with TPO to stimumlate megakaryocytopoiesis in which it acts in synergy with TPO to induce the early differentiation of stem cells

Answer 39

Interleukin-3

Question 40

other cytokines that function with TPO to stimumlate megakaryocytopoiesis in which it help enhance endomitosis, megakaryocyet differentiation and thrombocytopoiesis

Answer 40

Interleukin-11

Question 41

mention the subtances in Megakaryocytopoiesis control that keeps in things in check so that there aren't too many megakaryocyte produce

Answer 41

Platelet factor 4, beta-thromboglobulin, neutrophil-activating peptide 2, interleukin 8

Question 42

Platelets originate from special cells in the bone marrow known as _______ specifically, they come from _______

Answer 42

1. megakaryocytes | 2. megakaryocytes' cytoplasm

Question 43

What growth factor that help megakaryocyte differentiate from common myeloid stem cells

Answer 43

TPO

Question 44

T/F. Terminal megakaryocytic differentiation stages are mroe visually identifiable in bone marrow aspirate smears

Answer 44

True

Question 45

T/F. megakaryocytopoiesis is a irregulated process, through various cytokines and inhibitory subtances

Answer 45

False. regulated