Helping others Flashcards
What is pro social behavior?
any act performed with the goal of helping another person
What is altruism?
the desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper. It has to do not just with the cost but the benefit
What is kin selection ?
preferential helping of genetic relatives so that common genes survive
What is reciprocal altruism?
the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future
What is the social exchange theory?
maximize benefits and minimize costs
What is empathy?
putting yourself in another`s shoes
What is empathy-altruism hypothesis?
taking another persons perspective leads you to be willing to help them to reduce their distress
What is altruistic personality?
the qualities that cause an individual to help others in a wide variety of situations.
What is advanced moral reasoning?
moral standards outweigh social controls and taking into account the needs of others.
What are the gender differences for helping others?
women are more likely to offer help, the type of help matters . men engage in heroic acts, are more likely to help women then men. Women help both equally.
What is the urban overload hypothesis?
people living in cities are bombarded with stimulation so keep to themselves to avoid being overwhelmed.
What is the good mood effect?
good mood increases helping behavior
What is the negative-state relief hypothesis?
helping in order to alleviate ones own sadness, distress
What is the bystander effect?
the greater the # of bystanders who witness an emergency the less likely any one of them is to help
What are the 5 steps to helping?
noticing, interpreting, taking responsibility, deciding how to help, providing help.
What are the barriers for noticing in helping others?
perceiving the problem, self-concerns, and stimulus overload
What are the barriers for interpreting in helping others?
don’t want to overreact
What is pluralistic ignorance?
when people mistakenly believe their own beliefs/ thoughts are different from others.
What are the barriers/diffusion in responsibility?
the idea that the amount of responsibility assumed by witnesses to an emergency is shared among them
What are the barriers for deciding how ?
lack of knowledge, lack of competence (knowing how to do something but not being good at it).
What are the barriers for providing help?
danger to self, legal concerns
What is audience inhibition?
reluctance to help for fear of making a bad impression on others
What are the ways to overcome the bystander effect?
point out the person, state that you need help, be clear about the type of assistance you need
Who is in need of help?
attributed to external factors= more willing to help, attributed to internal factors= less willing to help
What is the norm of reciprocity?
people should reciprocate helping
What is the norm of social responsibility?
people should help those in need
