Aggression Chp. 13 Flashcards
What is aggression?
behavior intended(this is key) to harm another individual, and harm doesn’t have to be physical harm.
What is the reactive aggression?
aggression stemming from feelings of anger aimed at inflicting pain
What is proactive aggression?
aggression as a means to some goal other than causing pain (eg. mike tyson bitting the opponents ear by getting out the fight)
How does gender differ in terms of violence?
violence males are greater than females but the types of aggression they engage in are different
How does aggression differ for males?
overt aggression;behavior that physically harms or threatens to harm.
How does aggression differ for females?
relational aggression; harming others through non-physical hurtful manipulation of relationship.
How does evolution serve as an explanation for aggression?
genetic survival, male competition for females, maternal aggression to protect offspring
How does the amygdala explain aggression?
through stimulation of the amygdala which leads to aggression
How does the neurotransmitter serotonin explain aggression?
lower levels of serotonin lead to aggression
How does the hormone testosterone explain aggression?
higher levels of testosterone lead to aggression
What is the original frustration aggression hypothesis?
frustration always leads to the need to agress
What are the situational factors that happen if we are unable to agress against the source of our frustration?
displacement, catharsis, evidence
What is displacement?
aggressing against a substitute target
What is catharsis?
a reduction of the motive to aggress, getting it out walking it off
What does evidence say about these two sources?
mixed some support for displacement leads to aggression, breeds aggression. no support for catharsis
What is the revised frustration aggression hypothesis?
aggression is caused by any negative feelings including sometimes being caused by noxious stimuli. not just by frustration.
What are the other situational factors that lead to aggression?
heat, alcohol, provaction
How does heat contribute to aggression?
people lose their cool in the heat of things
How does alcohol contribute to aggression?
disinhibition and disruption of information processing
How does provocation contribute to aggression?
intentional provocation leads to more retaliation
What is the arousal affect model?
the combined effects of affect and arousal
What is the excitation transfer model?
arousal caused by one stimulus can intensify a persons response to another stimulus.
How does thought contribute to interaction with feelings?
negative affect stimulates thought, interpretation of the situation, make casual attributions, weigh the consequences
What is the automatic vs controlled processes?
the effect of aggressive stimuli, studies found that priming leads to differences in aggression
How does one learn to aggress?
positive versus negative reinforcement
What is the social learning theory?
behavior is learned through the observations of others as well as through direct experience of rewards or punishment
What does socialization, gender have to do with aggression?
different lessons for different genders . Females and males are reinforced/punished differently for aggression.
Why does tv increase aggression and violence?
because of modeling, desensitizes people, makes people overestimate frequency of violence
What are the reductions of aggression?
cooperation, shared goals, reward non-aggressive behavior, models of peace, and media effects
