heart sounds

Question 1

what are S1 and S2?

Answer 1

Question 2

what makes S1?

Answer 2

Question 3

what makes S2?

Answer 3

Question 4

what is physiologic S2 splitting?

Answer 4

inspire - lower intrathroacic pressure, decrease RA pressure, increases venous return

single to split with inspiration - delays closure of S2 by 40-60 ms

Question 5

what is persistent S2 splitting?

Answer 5

seen in RBBB or pulmonary hypertension

delayed closure of PV causes persisted split S2 during exhalation + inspiration

Question 6

what is fixed splitting S2?

Answer 6

seen in ASD
flow across ASD, increase R sided flow
same in inspiration and exhalation

Question 7

what is paradoxical S2 splitting?

Answer 7

delayed closure of aortic valve
split in exhalation
AV closes first normally, but delayed here.
no split in inspiration

Question 8

what causes delayed closure of AV and paradoxical splitting?

Answer 8

Question 9

what is loud P2?

Answer 9

Question 10

what are S3 and S4?

Answer 10

Question 11

what causes S3?

Answer 11

Question 12

what causes S4?

Question 13

when is S3 heard best?

Answer 13

Question 14

what causes S4?

Answer 14

Question 15

what are systolic clicks/

Answer 15

Question 16

what is mitral valve prolapse?

Answer 16

Question 17

what is the murmur in MVP?

Answer 17

systolic click
mitral regurgitation