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cardiology > cardiac ischaemia > Flashcards

cardiac ischaemia Flashcards

1
Q

what is cardiac ischaemia?

A
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2
Q

what is stable angina?

A
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3
Q

what re acute coronary syndromes?
how do they occur - mechanisms?

A
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4
Q

how does sudden death occur in coronary disease?

A
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5
Q

risk factors for acute coronary syndrome?

A

hypertension, hyperlipidemia, FH (1* relative, M,50, F<60), smoking, obesity

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6
Q

what is transmural ischameia?

A

coronary vessel completely occluded and deprive entire thickness of myocardium of oxygen

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7
Q

what is subendocardial ischaemia?

A
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8
Q

classic ECG finding in subendocardial ischaemia?

A

ST depression
t wave inversion

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9
Q

causes of T wave inversion

A
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10
Q

classic ECG finding in transmural ischaemia?

A

ST elevation

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11
Q

what is this?

A

q wave, hours after STEMI

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12
Q

what are hyper acute T waves?

A
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13
Q

what is poor r wave progression?

A
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14
Q

what re the ischaemic pathologic changes seen in 0-4 hrs post MI?

A

none

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15
Q

what re the ischaemic pathologic changes seen in 4-12 hrs post MI?

A

gross = mottles
micro = necrosis, oedema, haemorrhage

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16
Q

what re the ischaemic pathologic changes seen in 12-24 hrs post MI?

A

gross = hyperaemia
micro = surrounding tissue inflammation

17
Q

what re the ischaemic pathologic changes seen in 5-10 days post MI?

A

gross = central yellowing
micro = granulation tissue

18
Q

what re the ischaemic pathologic changes seen in 7 weekss post MI?

A

gross= grey-white scar
micro = scar

19
Q

what are complications of ischaemia in first 4 days?

A

arrhythmia

20
Q

what are complications of ischaemia 5-10 days after?

A

free wall rupture
tamponade
papillary muscle rupture
ventricular septal rupture

21
Q

what are complications of ischaemia weeks after?

A

dressler’s syndrome
aneurysm
LV thrombus/CVA

22
Q

what is free wall rupture?

A

rupture of one of the walls of LV
usually fatal > sudden death
can lead to tamponade

23
Q

what is papillary muscle rupture?

A

leads to acute mitral regurgitation (holosytolic murmur)
can develop HF, resp distress
more common in inferior MIS - posteromedial papillary muscle has single blood supply (RCA), can lead to necrosis and rupture of this muscle

24
Q

what is Ventricular septal rupture?

A

loud holosystolic murmur with thrill
presents with hypotension, RHF, increased JVP + oedema
occurs because RV overloaded with blood from LV due to septal defect

25
Q

what is ventricular aneurysm?

A

myocardial wall replaced with scar tissue
occurs weeks after mI
more common in anterior infraction
risk of thrombus>stroke + PE

26
Q

what is ventricular pseudoaneruysm?

A
27
Q

what is Dressler’s syndrome?

A
28
Q

what is fibrinous pericarditis?

A
29
Q

what are complications of stents?

A

restenosis
thrombosis

30
Q

what is restenosis?

A
31
Q

what is stent thrombosis?

A

cardiology (18 decks)

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