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KIN 187 Clinical Exercise Physiology > Heart./Exercise Physiology Review > Flashcards

Heart./Exercise Physiology Review Flashcards

1
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation phase during which the ventricles fill with blood
AV valves open
Aortic and pulmonic valves closed

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2
Q

Systole

A

Contraction phase during which ventricles expel blood
AV valves closed
Aortic and pulmonic valves open

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3
Q

Intrinsic Control of the Cardiac Cycle

A

Autorythmaticity
Sinoatrial Node
Atrioventricular Node
Purkinje Fibers

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4
Q

Authorhytmaticity

A

ability to initiate impulse for contraction at regular intervals

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5
Q

Sinoatrial Node

A

Pacemaker of the heart

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6
Q

Atrioventricular Node

A

Delays impulse by 1/10 of second, allowing atria to contract before ventricles

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7
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Rapidly spread the impulse to contract throughout the ventricles

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8
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarization

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9
Q

QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

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10
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

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11
Q

Myocardial Ischemia

A

ST- segment depression

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12
Q

Pressure During Diastole

A

Pressure is low

Atria fill with blood because the AV valves are open when the ventricular pressure is less than the atrial pressure

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13
Q

Pressure During Systole

A

Pressure in ventricles rises and blood is ejected into the pulmonary and systemic circulation
Semilunar valves are open when ventricular P is greater than atrial P

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14
Q

LUB sound

A

closing of the AV valves

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15
Q

DUB sound

A

closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves

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16
Q

Cardiac Output (Q)

A

= HR x SV

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17
Q

Stroke Volume controlled by …

A

end diastolic volume, after load, contractility

18
Q

Extrinsic Regulation of Heart Rate

A

PNS via valgus nerve
SNS via cardiac accelerator nerves
Low resting HR dude to Parasympathetic tone
Increase in HR at onset of exercise

19
Q

Valgus Nerve

A

Slows HR by inhibiting SA and AV node

20
Q

Cardiac Accelerator Nerves

A

Increases HR by stimulating SA and AV Node

21
Q

Baroreceptors

A

carotid artery/ aortic arch
sense pressure changes by responding to changes in the tension of the ventricular wall I
If BP is high: send signal to medulla oblongata to increase PNA, decrese SNA, decrease HR (and SV, TPR) thus reduced BP

22
Q

Preload/EDV

A

volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole

23
Q

Aortic BP/afterload

A

pressure the heart must pump against to eject blood (Mean Arterial Pressure)
The tension developed in the wall of the left ventricle during ejection

24
Q

Contractility

A

strength of the ventricular contraction

enhanced by circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine and also direct sympathetic stimulation of heart

25
Q

Frank-Starling Mechanism

A

Greater EDV results in a more forceful contraction (Due to stretch of ventricles)
Dependent of venous return

26
Q

Increase venous return

A

Increase by venoconstriction, skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump,

27
Q

Skeletal Muscle Pump

A

rhythmic skeletal muscle contractions force blood in the extremities toward the heart
one-way valves in veins prevent backflow of blood

28
Q

Respiratory Pump

A

changes in thoracic pressure pull blood toward the heart

29
Q

High afterload

A

decrease in stroke volume, requires greater force generation by the myocardium to eject blood into the aorta

30
Q

Increased contractility

A

results in higher stroke volume

  • circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine
  • direct sympathetic stimulation of the heart
31
Q

Increase Stroke Volume

A

Increase EDV
Decrease Afterload
Increase Contractility

32
Q

Determinants of mean arterial pressure

A

cardiac output, total vascular resistance ( TVR or TPR)

ABP= CO xTPR

33
Q

Short term regulation of ABP

A

sympathetic nervous system to heart and vasculature
baroreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries
increase in BP= decrease SNS activity= Normal BP
decreased BP =increased SNS activity=normal BP

34
Q

Long term regulation of BP

A

kidneys via the blood volume control

35
Q

TPR

A

regulated by vasodilation or vasoconstriction

36
Q

vasodilation

A

decreased resistance, decreased BP

nitric oxide

37
Q

vasoconstriction

A

increased resistance, increased BP

Norepinephrine

38
Q

Blood pressure eqx

A

BP= Q x TPR

39
Q

To increase HR

A

increase SNA

Decrease PNA

40
Q

Increase TPR

A

Increase SNA and Decrease the radius

KIN 187 Clinical Exercise Physiology (16 decks)

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