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KIN 187 Clinical Exercise Physiology > Cerebral Palsy > Flashcards

Cerebral Palsy Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebral Palsy Statistics

A

2.1 out of 1000 live births

most common childhood disability (1-323 identified in the US)

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2
Q

What is Cerebral Palsy

A

Group of common childhood-onset neurological motor disorders due to permanent disturbances in the developing fetal or infant brain
Permanent but non-progressive

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3
Q

Cause of CP

A

abnormal development or damage to brain during fetal development or early infant life
white matter, basal ganglia lesions, cortical and subcortical lesions, and brain malformations

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4
Q

Spastic CP

A

most common (70%)

  • damage in upper motor neurton lesion, motor cortex
  • muscle tightness/stiff
  • hypertonic
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5
Q

Ataxic CP

A

classified by

  • damage to cerebellar structures
  • problems in coordination/poor balance
  • hypotonic
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6
Q

Athetoid/dyskinetic CP

A

classified by

  • damage to basal ganglia
  • inability to control muscle tone, involuntary, uncontrolled movements
  • both hypertonic and hypotonic
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7
Q

Characteristics of CP

A
  • abnormal development of movement and posture
  • difficulty with thinking, learning, feeling, communication and behavior
  • spasticity, spasms, involuntary movements
  • musculoskeletal impairment: abnormal muscle tone, reflexes, coordination
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8
Q

GMFCS 1

A

walks and runs without support by coordination, speed and balance are reduced

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9
Q

GMFCS 2

A

Walks without support but may use support in some situations, difficulty running

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10
Q

GMFCS 3

A

Walks with support

Often uses wheeled mobility in the community

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11
Q

GMFCS 4

A

Uses powered mobility or is pushed in a manual chair for most mobility needs

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12
Q

GMFCS 5

A

Transported in a wheelchair for all mobility situations

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13
Q

Motor Impairment leads to

A

bone deformity, contracture, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis
and
obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia

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14
Q

bone deformity, contracture, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis lead to

A

falls/fractures

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15
Q

obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia lead to

A

cardiovascular/metabolic diseases/cancer

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16
Q

Muscular Atrophy

A

Aging effect on musculature earlier than general population
Leads to a high rate of incidence of falls
because of low muscular strength and function, low functional mobility, and deficits in postural stability

17
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Low bone mineral density> fragility fracture> immobilization > lower bone mineral density muscle weakness > functional and physical limitation

18
Q

osteoporosis in CP

A

Greater severity in osteoporosis, fracture vs. fragility fracture, physical limitation and mortality

19
Q

Medications for CP that improve ADL’s

A

Anticonvulsant medication
Antispastic Medicine
Selective dorsal rhizotomy surgery
Orthopedic Surgery

20
Q

Orthopedic Surgery

A

improves posture and balance

21
Q

Selective dorsal rhizotomy surgery

A

Reduction in spasticity

22
Q

Antispastic Medicine

A

Antipasmodic

ex. botulinum toxin (botox)

23
Q

Anticonvulsant Medication

A

antiseizure, antiepileptic

24
Q

Therapy

A
  • physical/movement therapy

- occupational therapy

25
Q

Mobility-Related Equipment

A

Ankle Foot Orthoses
Canes, crutches or walkers
Manual or powered wheelchair

26
Q

Exercise Response

A

Not a lot of information based on research
There is an increase in energy expenditure for a given external work rate
-bipedal locomotion synchronization is disrupted, causing reduction in walking efficiency
-the energy required to walk is increased and the aerobic economy of walking is decreased

Reduction in peak aerobic capacity

27
Q

Testing for GMFCS level V

A

functional mobility testing is preferred

28
Q

People in GMFCS 2-4

A

might need individual adaptive measures

29
Q

GMFCS 1

A

Basic CDD4 recommendations may be appropriate

30
Q

Goals of exercise program

A

maintain mobility
increase PA
counteract a sedentary lifestyle that predisposes to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases
reduce the physical and time burdens on caregivers
improve quality of life

31
Q

Exercise programming

A

stat with CDD4
FITT not set
Adaptations for aerobic activities are necessary (level 2-4) goal of 150 min a week
Flexibility Exercises daily
upper-limb strengthening with adaptations: contraindicated in level V children or adults

32
Q

Aerobic Benefits of Exercise

A

some physiological outcomes

33
Q

General Benefits of Exercise

A
  • improved sense of wellness, body image
  • increased capacity to perform activities of daily living
  • lessen the severity of some symptoms (spasticity and athetosis)
34
Q

Resistance benefits of exercise

A
  • bone mineral density
  • strength and endurance
  • balance

KIN 187 Clinical Exercise Physiology (16 decks)

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