Benefits/Risk of PA and Exercise Flashcards
Leading Causes of Death 2016 (M & F)
Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer
Starts around 45 years and up
*These are chronic
Exercise IS Medicine (EIM) Initiative
provides guidelines for apparently healthy individuals who can safely complete activity
Initial Purpose of EIM
was to publicize the scientifically proven benefits of PA and make them the standard in the US health care system
Physical Activity
any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that results in a substantial increase in caloric requirements over resting energy expenditure
Physical Fitness
5 components: Cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, body composition, flexibility
A set of attributes or characteristics individuals achieve for the ability to perform physical activity (occupational, recreational, and daily activities without
There are health related and Skill related
Exercise
repetitive, planned and structured
gain physical fitness in a greater sense
Skill Related Physical Fitness Components
Agility, Coordination, Balance, Power, Reaction time, Speed
Risks of Exercise
Acute and transient increase of cardiac death and MI
-happens in individuals performing vigorous, abrupt, intense exercise and were diagnosed or occult CVD
Cardiac Death risk
one per year. for every 15,000-18,000 previously asymptomatic individuals
even though this is low… the risk has been increasing
for adults performing the vigorous training compared to youth
Physically Active Individuals should know…
the nature of cardiac prodromal symptoms and seek prompt medical care if symptoms develop
-should modify their exercise program in response to variations in their exercise capacity, habitual activity level, and the environment.
Health Care Professionals should know…
the pathologic conditions associated with exercise-related events so that physically active children and adults can be appropriately evaluated.
High school and college athletes should undergo
preparticipation screening by qualified professionals.
Athletes with known cardiac conditions/family history
should be evaluated prior to competition
Health care facilities should
their staffs are trained in managing cardiac emergencies, have a specified plan, and have appropriate resuscitation equipment
Angina
chest pain
Aortic stenosis
the aorta of the heart narrows and causing resistance to flow
Pulmonary Embolism/pulmonary infarction
blockage of the main artery of the lung
Myocarditis (Inflammatory cardiomyopathy)
inflammation of the myocardium
Pericarditis
Inflammation of pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart)
Aneurysm
A localized, blood filled balloon like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel
Alpha motor nuerons
release ACH for electrical signal that turns to chemical signal, binds to the signal in the skeletal muscle and then AP and contraction
A recent significant change in resting ECG: suggesting ischemia, recent MI, or other acute cardiac event
Absolute Contraindication
Unstable Angina
Absolute Contraindication
Uncontrolled Cardiac Dysrhythmias causing symptoms or hemodynamic compromise
Absolute Contraindication
Symptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis
Absolute Contraindication
Uncontrolled Symptomatic Heart Failure
Absolute Contraindication
Acute Pulmonary Embolus or Pulmonary Infarction
Absolute Contraindication
Acute Myocarditis (inflammatory cardiomyopathy) or pericarditis
Absolute Contraindication
Suspected or Known dissecting Aneurysm
Absolute Contraindication
Acute systemic infection, accompanied by fever, body aches or swollen lymph glands
Absolute Contraindication
Left main coronary artery stenosis
Relative Contraindication
Moderate Stenotic Valvular heart disease
Relative Contraindication
Electrolyte abnormalities (like hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia)
Relative Contraindication
Severe arterial hypertension (SBP >200 mm HG, DBP > 100)
Relative Contraindication
Tachydysrhythmia or bradydysrhythmia
Relative Contraindication
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and other forms of outflow tract obstruction
Relative Contraindication
Neuromotor, musculoskeletal or rheumatoid disorders
Relative Contraindication
High degree atrioventricular block
Relative Contraindication
Ventricular aneurysm
Relative Contraindication
Uncontrolled metabolic disease
Relative Contraindication
Chronic infectious disease (HIV)
Relative Contraindication
Mental or Physical impairment leading to inability to exercise adequately
Relative Contraindication
