Heart disease Flashcards
What are cardiac bio markers
Substances that are released into the blood when the heart is damaged or stressed
Why are cardiac bio markers important
Diagnosis and management of acute coronary syndrome
Diagnosis and risk stratification of heart failure
What is acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
A spectrum of conditions involving sudden decreased coronary artery blood flow which cause the heart muscle to die or stop functioning properly
What are the three types of acs
ST- segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
Non ST- segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
Unstable angina
What is a STEMI
A “classic” heart attack
Caused by a complete blockage of a coronary artery
How do you diagnose STEMI
There is an ST segment elevation on an ecg
What is a MSTEMI
Partial blockage of one of the coronary arteries causing reduced blood flow and ischaemia
Rise in cardiac troponin
What is asparate aminotransferase (AST)
The first cardiac bio marker.
What does AST do
It’s an enzyme that catalysed the transfer of an amino group from a-amino group to an a-oxo acid
What is AST used for
To test for liver damage as it isn’t specific enough to the heart
What is lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
An enzyme that catalysed the oxidation of L-lactate to pyruvate
What is LDH used for
In haematology and oncology as it isn’t a good heart bio marker
What is créatine kinase (CK)
An enzyme that catalyses the reversible phosphorylation of creatine by ATP
What is CK used for
A general marker of muscle damage
What is myoglobin
A haem protein in cytoplasm of muscle cells used in oxygen transport
