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CVR > Heart Breast Rib > Flashcards

Heart Breast Rib Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the breast span from?

A

2-6 intercostal

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2
Q

two regions of breast

A

circular and axillary running along inferior lateral edge of pec major to axillary fossa

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3
Q

What are mammary glands

A

modified sweat glands 15-20. Lobule are mult alveoli drained by a single lactiferous duct converging on a nipple

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4
Q

What is stroma?

A

supporting structure around mammary gland what is fibrous and fatty. Fibrous is cooper which attach and secure breast and dermis.

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5
Q

What does the breast sit on?

A

pectroal fascia of pec major. There is a retromammary space.

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6
Q

Vasculature of breast?

A 
medial: 
internal thoracic artery which is a branch of subclavian artery. 
Lateral:
 part recieves from 4
lateral rhoracic and thoracoacromial
lateral mammary
mammary.
Vein drain into axillary and internal thoracic
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7
Q

Lymph of breast

A

metastasis importance. 3 groups that recieve. The axillary recieves 75%, parasternal 20%, posterior intercostal 5%.

Skin drains to axillary, inferior deep cervical

Nipple drains to subareorlary

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8
Q

Nerve

A

anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 4th to 6th. Not milk. Prolactin which is secreted to anterior pituitary glands

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9
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

the pericardium is a fibroserous, fluid filled sack that surrounds the muscular body of the heart and the roots of the great vessels (the aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein and the superior and inferior vena cava).

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10
Q

What does the pericardium do?

A

fixes the heart to the medistinum

prevents overfilling of heart

Lubricates the movement

protects from infection

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11
Q

What is the pericardium made of?

A

Two layers - tough external layer known as fibrous pericardium, and thin internal layer known as serous.

Fibrous is continuous with ceentral tendon of diaphragm made of tough connective tissue.

Serous is divided in two - outer parietal lining internal surface of fibrous. Internal visceral forming outer layer of heart epicardium. Each has a single sheet of epithelial cells known as mesothelium.

In between is the pericardial cavity lubricating.

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12
Q

what is FPSV

A

fibrous layer
PArietal layer of serious
Serous
Vesceral layer of serous

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13
Q

What is the transverse pericardial sinus?

A

passage through transverse pericardial sinus located posteriorly to ascending aorta and pul trunk anterior to SVC and sup to left atrium

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14
Q

Heart innervation

A

phrenic C3-5 reffered pain shoulder.

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15
Q

Where is the aorta

A

base of left ventricle. coronary arteries branch off. After this is the arch of aorta which divides into brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery.

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16
Q

pulmonary arteries?

A

recieve deoxygenatedblood from right entricl and go to lunges. The pulmonary valve which is anterior and medial to right aatrium

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17
Q

What level does the pulmonary trunk split

A

T5-6

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18
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there

A

superior and inferior for each lung entering pericardium to drain into the sup left atrium.

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19
Q

What is the coronary sinus?

A

collection of veins joined to form large vessel that cellects blood from heart..
There are two pericardial sinuses transverse and oblique.
Transverse - between aorta and pulmonary artery anterior.

`the Coronary sinus starts at the junction of the great cardiac vein and oblique vein of the left atrium.

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20
Q

Where is the apex beat?

A

lateral and inferior point at which you can feel the beat. 5th ICS MCL left of sterum.

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21
Q

Order of valves?

A 
PAMT
Pulmonary 3 cc
Aortic 3 IC
M 4CC
T 4th IC

3344

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22
Q

How do we listen to the valves?

A

Aortic 2nd ICS right of sternum

Pulmonary 2nd ICS left of sternum

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23
Q

Borders of heart

A

right - 3 - 6 cc
left - 2 l cc to 5 l ics
lower - 6 right cc to 5th left ics mcl
upper - 2nd l cc to 3rd r cc

24
Q

valve locations

A

pulmonary - 3rd left cc retro
aortic valve - 3rd left ics retro
mitral - 4th left cc retro
tricuspid - 4th right ics retro

25
Q

ausculations points

A

pulmonary valve - 2nd left ics

aortic - 2nd right ics

mitral - 5th left incs mcl

apex beat - 5th left ics mcl

tricuspid valve - 4 left ics

26
Q

left brachiocephalic

A

runs obliquely from left sternal clav joint to join right brachiocephalic behind 1st cc

27
Q

1st cc

A

formation of superior vena cava

28
Q

2nd CC

A

azygos vein drains into SVC

29
Q

3rd CC

A

SVC DRAINS INTO RIGHT ATRIA

30
Q

arch of aorta

A

sternal angle of louie
pulmonary trunk
T4

31
Q

What is at level T4

A 
bifurcation of the trachea.
Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk.
Azygos termination
Ligamentum arteriousum.
Ductus arteriosum.
32
Q

where is the cephalic vein

A

in the deltopectoral groove

33
Q

Pec minor attach

A

coracoid process and ribs 345

34
Q

subclavius muscle

A

clavical to 1st rib

35
Q

Breast extends from

A

mid axiallary line to ribs 2-6

36
Q

bumps on areola?

A

montgomery follicles

37
Q

Describe aortic valve

A

3 semilunar. right cusp, left cusp, posterior non coronary cusp. Nodule in middle

38
Q

What else is into the aorta

A

right and left airotic sinuses which are the openings of the right and left coronary arteries.

39
Q

Where is the SA node

A

junction of SVC and right atrium

40
Q

Where is the AV node

A

atrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus

41
Q

what does the right coronary artery give rise to

A

marginal and posterior intrventricular

42
Q

Where does the SA nodal artery come from

A

the anterior right atrial branch of the right coronary artery

43
Q

Where is the right conornary artery

A

the coronary sulcus AV groove

44
Q

The left main coronary artery gives rise to which major branches

A

circumflec and anterior interventricular (left anterior descending)

45
Q

What supplies left ventricl walls

A

LAD which runs in the interventricular groove.

46
Q

Where do all the major cardiac veins terminate in which structure?

A

Coronary sinus in the posterior coronary sulcus drains into right atrium

47
Q

Which vein goes with posterior descending

right marginal artery

A

middle cardiac vein

small cardiac vein

48
Q

what is in the anterior interventricular sulcus with the LAD artery

A

great cardiac vein

49
Q

men the nipple is?

A

the fourth ics

50
Q

Where does milk flow

A

lactiferous duct to lactiferous sinus to nipple

51
Q

3 major arteries that supply blood to the breast

A

perforating branches of internal thoracic

lateral thoracic

pectoral

52
Q

lymph

A

most is lateral axially 75%

parasternal

53
Q

lymph between pec major minor

A

rotters

54
Q

defining features of cervical

A

spinous process bifurcates into two parts

two transverse foramina one in each transverse process for vertebral arteries

vertebral foramen is triangular

55
Q

Defining features or thoracic

A

demi facets on each side which articulate with rib and inferior rib.

Transverse process has costal facet for rib

spinous porcess are slanted inferiorly and anteriorly for prtoection.

Vertabral foramina is circular

56
Q

Lumbar features

A

large

triangular foramina

CVR (43 decks)

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