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CVR > CVR 14 > Flashcards

CVR 14 Flashcards

1
Q

How is the subclavian artery divided

A

Scalenus anterior

1st - vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
internal thoracic
costocervical trunk

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2
Q

Main structures in the posterior mediastinum?

A

oesophagus
descending aorta
azygos venous system
thoracic duct

Nervous
vagus and sympathetic splanchic

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3
Q

what is wear and tear muosa

A

stratified squamous

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4
Q

What absorbtion mucosa

A

columnar

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5
Q

What do you know about the oseophagus?

A

located: anterior to thoracic vert, thoracic duct, azygos, descending aorta

right of airtic arch and desc aorta

left of azygos vein

Constrictions are: upper oseph sphincter 15 cm
aortic arch left main bronch
25cm
diaphragm and cardia - 40 cm

nerve - vagus symp and plexus

lymph - post mediastinal
supraclavicualr nodes

arterio up 1/3 inferior thyroid
middle 1/3 thoracic aorta
lower 1/3 left gastric

venous up brachiocephalic
azygos
portal (varices)

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6
Q

Why is thoracic aneurysm dificult to treat?

A

Part of it is mobile and other isnt so there is a risk of shearing motion from rapid deacceleration

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7
Q

Diaphragm attachments

A

crura, median acruate, medial arcuate, lower 6 cc, xiphoid

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8
Q

Will the vena cava opening get bigger or smaller on inspiration

A

bigger

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9
Q

Pain from diaphragm gets reffered where>

A

shoulder C345 motor to diaphragm but also sense to shoulder

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10
Q

Where does the diaphragm extend?

A

T2-T12

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11
Q

What level is the sternal angle at

A

T4

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12
Q

What is in the anterior and middle mediastinum

A 
anterior = thymus
middle = pericardial sac
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13
Q

Where is the superior mediastinum?

A 
above ouis T1-T4
Bifurcation of trachea
bifurcation of pulmonary trunk
azygos termination
ligementum ateriosum
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14
Q

What are the great venous vessels around the heart

A

internal jugular
subclavian
brachiocephalic
azygos

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15
Q

Where are the brachiocephalic veins?

A

formed behind SC jt

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16
Q

Where is the SVC

A

behind 1st CC

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17
Q

Where does azygos join SVC

A

behind 2nd CC

18
Q

Where does SVC meet RA

A

3rd CC

19
Q

What are the branches at teh arch of the aorta

A

brachiocephalic, left CC, left subclavian

20
Q

How is the subclavian divided?

A

Divided by scalenus anterior

1st - vertebral, thyrocervical, internal thoracic, costocervical trunk

21
Q

Major structures of the posterior mediastinum

A

oesophagus, descending aorta, azygos venous, thoracic

nerves - vagus and symmpathetic splanchic

22
Q

Where does the oesophagus begin and where does it peirce the diaphragm

A

C6 Cricoid cartilage and passes at T10

23
Q

Layers of oesophagus>

A

outer longitudinal inner circular top 1/3 striated and lower 2/3 smooth

24
Q

What is behind, left and right of oesohpagus?

A

behind - thoracic vert, thoracic duct, azygos vein, descending aorta

left - aortic arch and descending aorta

right - azygos vein

Anterior - trachea, left bronchus left atrium

25
Q

Where are the constrictions of the oesophagus

A

from teeth
15 cm upper sphincter
25 - aortic arch left main bronchus
40 cm - diaphragm and cardia

26
Q

nerve supply and lymph of oesophagus?

A

vagus and symp
plexus and cells

lymph posterior medistinal and suprclavicular

27
Q

Blood supply of eosophagus>

A

upper 3rd inferior thyroid
middle 3rd thoracic
lower 3rd left gastric

vein
up brachiocephalic
azygos
portal - varices

28
Q

Signs of eosophageal carcinoma

A

dysphagia, wieghtloss, palpable supraclavicular lymph,

metastese to liver and brain

29
Q

Name the branches of descending aorta?

A

Visceral - pericardial bronchial oesophageeal

Parietal - mediastinal, intercostal 12th, superior phrenic

1-2 intercostals

30
Q

What is marfans syndrome?

A

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue. The degree to which people are affected varies. People with Marfan tend to be tall, and thin, with long arms, legs, fingers, and toes. They also typically have flexible joints and scoliosis.

31
Q

What is the thoracic duct?

A

The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the human body. Around 75% of the lymph from the entire body (aside from the right upper limb, right breast, right lung and right side of the head and neck) passes through the thoracic duct.

starts on right side ascending then moves behind esophagus at T5.

Drains everything below diaphragm and left side above into brachiocephalic

32
Q

What nerve can cause hoarsness around the heart?

A

Many congenital heart defects such as a patent ductus arteriosus can irritate the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, leading to dysphonia (hoarse voice).= vagus nerve

33
Q

What are the attachments of the diaphragm?

A

crura, median acuate ligament, medial arcuate, lower 6 CC, xiphoid

34
Q

Where are the major openings in the diaphragm?

A

T8 - IVC, right phrenic nerve

T10 - oesophagus, vagi

T12 - aorta thoracic duct, azygos vein

35
Q

What passes through the crura?

A

splanchic nerves

36
Q

What passes through the medial arcuate ligaments

A

sympathetic trunks

37
Q

Describe teh phrenic nerve

A

C345

38
Q

Where do the superior thoracic arteries arise from

A

thoracic aorta

39
Q

What happens to the IVC on inspiration?

A

widens encouraging venous return

40
Q

Is the aorta affected by respiration

A

no

41
Q

Where is pain referred in the diaphragm>

A

C4 shoulder

CVR (43 decks)

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