CVR 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of the artery?

A

Tuna intima which is the innermost layer.

Tuna media which is mainly smooth muscle and is the part that is contractile.

Tuna adventitia which is mostly connective tissue.

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2
Q

What is the significance of arterioles?

A

After arteries, form the arterioles which have sphincters that act as control valves.

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3
Q

Bloodflow is regulated via the _____ which is a form of autoregulation called the ____ and uses reactive and active hyperaemia.

A

Intrinsic local control

Myogenic hpothesis

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4
Q

In the extrinsic regulation of peripheral blood flow the ____ receptor of the ___ NS causes vasocontricion. However in the _____ pathway ___ causes NO dependent vasodilation?

A

alpha receptor of the sympathetic.

Parasympathetic Ach

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5
Q

What is the average rate that the wave in an arterial pulse can be felt?

A

7m/sec

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6
Q

Arterial blood pressure is _____ in type and has a peak pressure during ____. which in a healthy young adult averages ____ in systemic and ___ in pulmonary.

A

pulsatile
Systolic
120
25

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7
Q

How do you find the mean systemic arterial pressure?

A

diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure

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8
Q

What are the main determinants of systolic and diastolic pressure?

A

Systolic - CO - preload (venous return) heart rate, contracility, afterload.

Diastolic - resistance to flow

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9
Q

The most immediate important control mechanism in controlling BP over time is the ____ because it determines both ____ and ____.

Over a long period however is ____ and ____ homeostasis.

A

baroreceptor reflex
CO and PR
renal regulation
sodium and water

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10
Q

Where are the baroreceptor?

A

Adventitia of large vessels and media of smaller ones. Afferents discharge when BP and pule increase.

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11
Q

Baroreceptor nerve terminals in the walls of the ____ sinus and the ____ arch respond to vascular stretch from BP. Increased frequency is enhanced by ____ in BP.

A

carotid
aortic.
increase

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12
Q

Nerves ____ and ____ integrate in the medulla. Stimulation of the NTS inhibits ____ outflow to the peripheral BVs.
Lesions of the NTS produce _____.

A

9 and 10
sympathetic
vasoconstriction

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13
Q

Ultimately what wil decrease in MAP do to SNS and PNS?

A

SNS - increase

PNS - decrease

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14
Q

Baroreflex triggers occur from a _____ in venous return?

A

decrease

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15
Q

What affect does decreasing systemic BP cause baroreceptors to have on systolic and diastolic?

A

Systolic - increase
Diastolic increased

Whereas incraesing causes decreased systolic and decreased diastolic

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16
Q

Name the Korotokoff sounds?

A

1 = tapping snapping which is the systolic around 120 (a small spurt of blood escapes.

2 = soft swishing sound louder

3 = louder large crisp sound which is more blood escaping.

4 = blowing sound muffled which is approaching diastolic BP.

5 = No sound meaning diastoic BP around 80.