Heart Attack Interventions And Healing

Question 1

Coronary angiogram

Answer 1

X-ray of coronary vessels by injecting dye in blood to highlight blood vessels, the flow of dye is observed (if the dye doesn’t flow through the vessel that means there is a blockage )

Question 2

Percutaneous coronary intervention

Answer 2

Catheter inserted through femoral artery and located further all the way to the heart, once the blockage is found occurs angioplasty

Question 3

Angioplasty

Answer 3

A balloon is blown up which opens up the vessel and the stent is left behind in the vessel to keep it open and blood flow to continue

Question 4

Coronary artery bypass graft

Answer 4

This is only done for patient with severe cad, which is a triple vessel disease where plaques in at least three vessels. In this procedure a blood vessel from else where in the body is used to bypass the blocked arteries and restore blood flow to the heart. The blood vessel is either taken from the rib cage (internal mammary artery) or forearm (radial artery), or calf (great saphaneous vein)

Question 5

Healing from heart attack stage 1

Answer 5

After 0-4 hours the cells are struggling and using up all the oxygen it has

Question 6

Healing from heart attack stage 2

Answer 6

4-12 hours the cells are struggling membranes start breaking and releasing proteins, internal cellular proteins denature, coagulative necrosis begins ( cell death and jelly like substance that denatured proteins form

Question 7

Healing from heart attack stage 3

Answer 7

12-24 hours - neutrophils enter the infarcted area and further break down the muscle cells

Question 8

Healing from heart attack stage 4

Answer 8

1-3 days - lots of neutrophils are present in the infarcted areas, muscle cells lyse

Question 9

Healing from heart attack stage 5

Answer 9

4-7 days - neutrophils die off, macrophages arrive and remove debris by phagocytosis

Question 10

Healing from heart attack stage 6

Answer 10

7-10 days : in growth of tiny blood vessels starts and fibroblasts lay down type 3 collagen strands, these collectively form granulation tissue in the infarcted area

Question 11

Healing from the heart attack stage 7

Answer 11

1-1 1/2 month: granulation tissue will get replaced by Type 1 collagen forming scar tissue which will be non contractile and can lead to heart failure later