Cyanotic Heart Diseases Flashcards
Cyanotic heart diseases
Due to blood shunting, oxygen stat drops below 80 % causing cyanosis, all due to congenital defect
In new horns RV works harder than the LV because resistance is high in lungs therefore shunting acts from RV to LV or if the pulmonary valve are resistant then shunting occurs RV to LV
Eisenmenger syndrome
Fetal heart shunting occurs R->L coarctation of sorts (squeezing of aortic spot, increases resistance and blood flowing from slows), leads to shunting of blood from LV -> RV since sorts can’t handle the blood flow from LV. Eventually due to constant high volume the RV grows bigger than left ventricle. This CNA lead to reverse shunt from RV -> LV called Eisenmenger
Tetralogy of fallot
4 defects in heart -
Pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy (due to constant pumping against pulmonary stenosis, show as a boot sign in a chest X-ray ) , ventricular septal defect (hole in ventricular septum),. Overriding aorta (aorta is receiving blood from both ventricles because it is located in center instead of off centered like normal )
Kids with this condition feel better upon squatting and taking deep breaths.
Truncus arteriosus
Instead if pulmonary truck and aorta, there is only one called truncus arteriosus, the differentiation is missing.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
TAPVR, pulmonary veins are usually attached to left atrium but in this defect it will b attached to right atrium. This leads to atrial septal defect, RA -> LA shunting occurs and therefore deoxygenated blood gets pumped out to the body. This also leads to right ventricle hypertrophy due to abnormally high blood flow from right atrium.
Tricuspid artereria
Tricuspid valve is not fully developed, cause atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, no right ventricle development.
Transposition of great arteries
Switching of aorta and pulmonary trunk. Resulting into oxygenated blood getting into lungs and deoxygenated blood gets to the body this comes with ventricular septal defect.
Ebstein’s anomaly
Tricuspid valve drops downward into the ventricle, caused due to mother’s lithium consumption. Atrialization occurs (right atrium is bigger than the right ventricle ), also has atrial septal defect
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome and Norwood, Glenn, Fontan
Left ventricle is not enveloped, three stages of surgery (Norwood Sana: pulmonary trunk is sewed to the aorta so that all the blood from right side gets to the body, to restore pulmonary blood flow the right ventricle is shunted to the pulmonary artery, but the blood is mixed because it has broth oxygenated and deoxygenated, Glenn : the shunt previously established between RV and Pulmonary artery is removed and superior vena cava gets connected to the pulmonary artery directly, the blood from inferior vena cava comes to right atrium still high gets mixed with the left atrium blood and gets pumped pout by right ventricular, the blood is still mixed and gives a oxygen stat of 80 %, fontan : inferior vena cava gets connected straight to the pulmonary artery as well, the oxygenated blood comes from left atrium to right atrium (empty) and the goes to the right ventricle and gets pumped out, the blood now is fully oxygenated only because no mixing occurs in right atrium)
Why to only do Glenn and Fontan
Only doing Glenn and Fontan is not enough, if Norwood would be skipped then the pulmonary resistance wont break and the blood coming from superior and inferior vena cava (passive flow) wont be able to get blood to the lung breaking its resistance
Cyanotic heart diseases diagnoses and treatment
Diagnosis - echocardiogram
Treatment - surgery, medication (inotrope (lower resistance), monitoring (auscultation and oxygen saturation)
