Heart Attack And Arterial Complications Flashcards
List primary complications
Decreased contractility, electrical instability, tissue necrosis
What happens when there is decreased contractility in heart ?
It causes chronic hypotension -> ischemia in coronary vessels -> cardiogenic shock -> improper blood pumping-> thrombosis -> congestive heart failure
Define Congestive Heart Failure
Inability to pump sufficient blood
What can result in electrical instability and what can it lead to ?
Electrical instability can occur due to ion disruption which can further lead to arrhythmia
What can tissue necrosis result in ?
Inflammatory reaction by immune system which can cause pericarditis as well (if occurred around heart)
It can also result in ventricular septal defect (if occurred at ventricular septum, can lead to congestive heart failure )
It can cause chamber leak (depending upon necrosis site, blood can lead into pericardium from that site that can later result into cardiac tamponade )
It can also result in regurgitated / leaky valve
Define cardiac tamponade
Blood stuck in pericardium, exerting pressure on heart
How does regurgitated / leaky valve occur
If papillary muscle necrosis (papillary muscle rupture ) occurs the mitral regurgitation (can cause congestive heart failure ) occurs, chordate tendanae loose control on valves and valve gets inverted into opposite direction, stay open
Define arteriosclerosis
Hardening of arteries
Define arteriolosclerosis
Hardening of arterioles
Define atherosclerosis
Walls become noncompliant due to plaque build up that causes calcification in walls leading to hardening, occurs in arteries
Define Hyaline / Hydroplastic Atherosclerosis
Occurs in arteriolosclerosis, due to high blood pressure, the proteins leak into the vessel walls and deposits lead to hardening
