Atherosclerosis And Arteriolosclerosis

Question 1

List three layers of Arteries

Answer 1

Tunica intima, Tunica media and Tunica externa

Question 2

What causes Endothelial dysfunction

Answer 2

Certain irritants like toxins, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, irritates endothelial cells of Tunica intima layer leads to Endothelial dysfunction which is the break down of endothelial cells providing access to toxins into the Tunica intima.

Question 3

Why leads to Atherosclerosis

Answer 3

Endothelial dysfunction allows the toxins to enter the vessel which makes macrophages follow and engulf the toxins. Macrophages die per engulfing and become foam cells. The smooth muscle cells from tunica media migrate to the site and make a fibrous cap which would have elastin collagen protein. All this leads to smaller lumen of vessel and hardening (smooth cell cause calcification of site)

Question 4

What is hyaline arteriolosclerosis

Answer 4

This occurs when serum protein leaks into Tunica media and deposits there causing the hardening

Question 5

Cause for Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis

Answer 5

Hypertension (forcing protein out)
Diabetes (basement membrane becomes leaky due to high glucose in blood vessels going into endothelial cells causing proteins to stick to the glucose (Glycoylation) leading to a thicker and leaky basement membrane)

Question 6

Hyperplastic Arteriolosclerosis ?

Answer 6

Continuous hyaline Arteriolosclerosis will result in multiplication of smooth muscle cells which makes Tunica media thicker causing hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis, most common cause is Malignant hypertension (suddenly raising blood pressure )