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human form and function > heart and major vessels > Flashcards

heart and major vessels Flashcards

1
Q

how is the heart positioned in thorax

A

it is tilted
not in the middle
left side goes behind

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2
Q

what is the mediastinum

A

cavity where heart lies

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3
Q

superior mediastinum

A

contains trachea

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4
Q

borders of mediastinum

A

superior - great vessels enter and leave
inferior - lies on diaphragm (5th intercostal space rib)
lateral borders - face lungs

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5
Q

what does the anterior coronary sulcus divide

A

marks division between atria and ventricles
continues posteriorly
right coronary artery in sulcus anteriorly

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6
Q

what does the anterior interventricular sulcus divide

A

marks division between ventricles;
continues posteriorly as posterior inter ventricular sulcus
left anterior descending from left coronary artery in sulcus anteriorly

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7
Q

what are auricles

A

atrial appendages

increase capacity

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8
Q

posterior landmarks

A

coronary sulcus, posterior inter ventricular sulcus

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9
Q

what does the posterior coronary sulcus divide

A

marks division between atria and ventricles;
continues anteriorly
coronary sinus in sulcus

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10
Q

where does the posterior descending artery come from

A

both sides

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11
Q

what is the pericardium

A

sac that protects the heart

it fuses with the outside tissue of vessels

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12
Q

function of the pericardium fluid

A

shock absorber

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13
Q

types of pericardium

A

fibrous and serous

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14
Q

anterior landmarks

A

coronary landmarks, anterior inter ventricular sulcus, auricles

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15
Q

posterior interventricular sulcus

A

marks division between ventricles;
continus anteriorly as anterior inter ventricular sulcus
posterior descending A from Left coronary artery or right coronary artery in sulcus

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16
Q

characteristics of fibrous pericardium

A
  • tough and inelastic
  • rests on/attachment to diaphragm
  • open end fused with great vessels
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17
Q

layers of serous pericardium

A

parietal, visceral and pericardial

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18
Q

where is the parietal layer fused to

A

it is fused to and inseparable from the fibrous pericardium

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19
Q

what is the visceral layer

A

continuation/ part of the epicardium

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20
Q

what is the pericardial cavity

A

space between the parietal and visceral layers

contains pericardial fluid

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21
Q

layers of the heart wall

A

outer to inner:

epicardium, myocardium and endocardium

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22
Q

what is the epicardium

A

visceral serous pericardium

23
Q

what is the myocardium

A

cardiac muscle that pumps

24
Q

what is the endocardium

A

continuous with the endothelium of large vessels of heart

25
Q

heart chambers

A

right and left atria

right and left ventricles

26
Q

where does the right atrium receive blood from

A

deoxygenated blood from vena cava and from coronary sinus –> from the body

27
Q

where does the blood from the right ventricle go to

A

right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs (pulmonary circulation)

28
Q

where does the left atrium receive blood from

A

receives oxygenated blood from lungs via pulmonary veins

29
Q

where does the left ventricle pump blood to

A

pumps oxygenated blood into aorta to body (systemic circulation)

30
Q

what does oxygenated blood mean

A

higher [O2] than [CO2]

31
Q

what does deoxygenated blood mean

A

higher [CO2] than [O2]

32
Q

function of valves

A

prevents back flow of blood

33
Q

atrioventricular (AV) valves

A

right AV tricuspid

left AV is bicuspid (mitral)

34
Q

semilunar (SL) valves

A

3 semilunar cusps at origin of emerging arteries (pulmonary and aortic)

35
Q

what are the chordae tendineae

A

strings coming out of valve to shut it

36
Q

what is the fossa ovalis

A

foramen in right atrium that separates atria when the baby is in the womb (blood doesn’t need to go to lungs so it goes directly from RA to the LA)
when the baby grows the hole is sealed

37
Q

what is the musculi pectinatae

A

contraction muscle

38
Q

how many pulmonary veins are there

A

4 - 2 connected to right lung, 2 connected to left lung

39
Q

what type of blood does the vena cavae carry

A

returns deoxygenated blood to RA from everything above heart (SVC) and everything below the heart (IVC)

40
Q

which ventricle wall is thicker and why

A

left ventricle wall is thicker

it pumps blood to the rest of the body

41
Q

functions of pulmonary trunk

A
  • go into the RV
  • divides into right and left pulmonary arteries
  • carry deoxygenated blood to lungs
42
Q

functions of aorta

A
  • go into LV

- pumps oxygenated blood around body via 3 branches

43
Q

the three branches that arise form aortic arch (continuation of ascending aorta)

A
  1. brachiocephalic (branches into right subclavian and right common carotid)
  2. left common carotid
  3. left subclavian
44
Q

functions of pulmonary veins

A
  • go into LA

- carry oxygen-rich blood from lungs to LA

45
Q

what are arteries

A

every vessel that leaves the heart

46
Q

what are veins

A

every vessel that enters the heart

47
Q

which two chambers does the tricuspid valve separate

A

the RA and the RV

48
Q

what is the systemic circulation consisted of and pressure

A

heart-body-heart

high pressure 80/120

49
Q

what is the pulmonary circulation consisted of and pressure

A

heart-lungs-heart

low pressure 20/25

50
Q

what is the coronary circulation and why is it needed

A

network of vessels around the heart to oxygenate it

heart need to be oxygenated too

51
Q

what do the right coronary arteries supply

A 
RA
most of the RV
part of the LV (diaphragmatic surface)
part of the inter ventricular septum
sinoatrial node (SA node)
atrioventricular node (AV node)
52
Q

what do nodes do

A

set the heart rate - pacemaker

53
Q

what happened if the SA node doesn’t work

A

AV is the backup node

human form and function (11 decks)

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