heart and major vessels Flashcards
how is the heart positioned in thorax
it is tilted
not in the middle
left side goes behind
what is the mediastinum
cavity where heart lies
superior mediastinum
contains trachea
borders of mediastinum
superior - great vessels enter and leave
inferior - lies on diaphragm (5th intercostal space rib)
lateral borders - face lungs
what does the anterior coronary sulcus divide
marks division between atria and ventricles
continues posteriorly
right coronary artery in sulcus anteriorly
what does the anterior interventricular sulcus divide
marks division between ventricles;
continues posteriorly as posterior inter ventricular sulcus
left anterior descending from left coronary artery in sulcus anteriorly
what are auricles
atrial appendages
increase capacity
posterior landmarks
coronary sulcus, posterior inter ventricular sulcus
what does the posterior coronary sulcus divide
marks division between atria and ventricles;
continues anteriorly
coronary sinus in sulcus
where does the posterior descending artery come from
both sides
what is the pericardium
sac that protects the heart
it fuses with the outside tissue of vessels
function of the pericardium fluid
shock absorber
types of pericardium
fibrous and serous
anterior landmarks
coronary landmarks, anterior inter ventricular sulcus, auricles
posterior interventricular sulcus
marks division between ventricles;
continus anteriorly as anterior inter ventricular sulcus
posterior descending A from Left coronary artery or right coronary artery in sulcus
characteristics of fibrous pericardium
- tough and inelastic
- rests on/attachment to diaphragm
- open end fused with great vessels
layers of serous pericardium
parietal, visceral and pericardial
where is the parietal layer fused to
it is fused to and inseparable from the fibrous pericardium
what is the visceral layer
continuation/ part of the epicardium
what is the pericardial cavity
space between the parietal and visceral layers
contains pericardial fluid
layers of the heart wall
outer to inner:
epicardium, myocardium and endocardium
what is the epicardium
visceral serous pericardium
what is the myocardium
cardiac muscle that pumps
what is the endocardium
continuous with the endothelium of large vessels of heart
heart chambers
right and left atria
right and left ventricles
where does the right atrium receive blood from
deoxygenated blood from vena cava and from coronary sinus –> from the body
where does the blood from the right ventricle go to
right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs (pulmonary circulation)
where does the left atrium receive blood from
receives oxygenated blood from lungs via pulmonary veins
where does the left ventricle pump blood to
pumps oxygenated blood into aorta to body (systemic circulation)
what does oxygenated blood mean
higher [O2] than [CO2]
what does deoxygenated blood mean
higher [CO2] than [O2]
function of valves
prevents back flow of blood
atrioventricular (AV) valves
right AV tricuspid
left AV is bicuspid (mitral)
semilunar (SL) valves
3 semilunar cusps at origin of emerging arteries (pulmonary and aortic)
what are the chordae tendineae
strings coming out of valve to shut it
what is the fossa ovalis
foramen in right atrium that separates atria when the baby is in the womb (blood doesn’t need to go to lungs so it goes directly from RA to the LA)
when the baby grows the hole is sealed
what is the musculi pectinatae
contraction muscle
how many pulmonary veins are there
4 - 2 connected to right lung, 2 connected to left lung
what type of blood does the vena cavae carry
returns deoxygenated blood to RA from everything above heart (SVC) and everything below the heart (IVC)
which ventricle wall is thicker and why
left ventricle wall is thicker
it pumps blood to the rest of the body
functions of pulmonary trunk
- go into the RV
- divides into right and left pulmonary arteries
- carry deoxygenated blood to lungs
functions of aorta
- go into LV
- pumps oxygenated blood around body via 3 branches
the three branches that arise form aortic arch (continuation of ascending aorta)
- brachiocephalic (branches into right subclavian and right common carotid)
- left common carotid
- left subclavian
functions of pulmonary veins
- go into LA
- carry oxygen-rich blood from lungs to LA
what are arteries
every vessel that leaves the heart
what are veins
every vessel that enters the heart
which two chambers does the tricuspid valve separate
the RA and the RV
what is the systemic circulation consisted of and pressure
heart-body-heart
high pressure 80/120
what is the pulmonary circulation consisted of and pressure
heart-lungs-heart
low pressure 20/25
what is the coronary circulation and why is it needed
network of vessels around the heart to oxygenate it
heart need to be oxygenated too
what do the right coronary arteries supply
RA most of the RV part of the LV (diaphragmatic surface) part of the inter ventricular septum sinoatrial node (SA node) atrioventricular node (AV node)
what do nodes do
set the heart rate - pacemaker
what happened if the SA node doesn’t work
AV is the backup node
