digestive tract 1 mouth to stomach

Question 1

two parts of the digestive system

Answer 1

digestive tract and accessory organs

Question 2

primary regions of the digestive tract

Answer 2

oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum/anus

Question 3

layers of the GI tract

Answer 3

lumen, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 4

functions of the mucosa layer of GI tract

Answer 4

• lines the GI tract

- secretes mucus and lubricates and protects the tract

Question 5

what is the mucosa layer of the GI tract

Answer 5

mucous membrane

Question 6

what type of tissue make the submucosa layer of GI tract

Answer 6

connective tissue

Question 7

function of submucosa layer

Answer 7

contain blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves

Question 8

layers of the muscularis layer

Answer 8

two layers of smooth muscle:

• circular for constriction
• longitudinal for pulsation

Question 9

what type of tissue make the serosa layer of GI tract

Answer 9

connective tissue

Question 10

what is the function of the serosa layer

Answer 10

secrete fluid to lubricate the outside of the GI tract

Question 11

boundaries oral cavity

Answer 11

lips anteriorly
cheeks laterally
palate superiorly
tongue inferiorly

Question 12

layers of lips

Answer 12

exterior: skin
interior: stratified squamous epithelium
middle: orbicularis oris muscle

Question 13

what attaches the lips to the gums

Answer 13

the labial frenula

Question 14

muscles of oral cavity

Answer 14

cheeks

Question 15

layers of cheeks

Answer 15

exterior: skin
inferior: stratified squamous epithelium
middle: buccinator muscle - for chewing
rounded contour: buccal fat pad
obicularis oris: surround lips and helps movement

Question 16

bones in the hard palate (anterior 2/3)

Answer 16

maxillae and palatine bones

Question 17

soft palate (posterior 2/3) consisted of

Answer 17

skeletal muscle, connective tissue and uvula

Question 18

types of pharyngeal arches

Answer 18

palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal

Question 19

where is the anterior tongue attached to

Answer 19

to floor via lingual frenulum

Question 20

what is the posterior tongue connected to

Answer 20

hyoid bone (via muscles) - not connected to any bone, epiglottis and oropharynx

Question 21

what is the pharynx

Answer 21

common passageway for food and air

Question 22

how is the pharynx connected to other systems

Answer 22

connected to respiratory system at larynx

connected to digestive system at oesophagus

Question 23

3 regions of pharynx

Answer 23

nasopharynx (behind nasal cavity)
oropharynx (behind oral cavity)
laryngopharynx (behind larynx)

Question 24

how is the pharynx lined?

Answer 24

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium (nasopharynx)

moist stratified squamous epithelium (oropharynx and laryngopharynx)

Question 25

muscles in the pharynx

Answer 25

posterior walls of oropharynx and laryngopharynx pharyngeal constrictors: superior, middle and inferior helps push down the food down

Question 26

what is the oesophagus

Answer 26

muscular tube | continuation of the laryngopharynx superiorly and the stomach inferiorly

Question 27

what is the oesophageal hiatus

Answer 27

at the T10, hole that allows the oesophagus go through diaphragm - how it passes from the thoracic cavity into the abdominal cavity

Question 28

lining of oesophagus

Answer 28

moist stratified squamous epithelium

Question 29

layers of muscle of oesophagus

Answer 29

outer longitudinal and inner circular

Question 30

sphincters in oesophagus

Answer 30

upper oesophageal and lower oesophageal (cardiac)

Question 31

what is the cardiac

Answer 31

the lower sphincter in oesophagus - entrance to stomach

Question 32

where is the stomach situated

Answer 32

upper left abdominal quadrant

Question 33

what are the rugae

Answer 33

the folds in the stomach walls

Question 34

what is the fundus

Answer 34

the upper part of the stomach

Question 35

what is in the pyloric region of the stomach

Answer 35

pyloric antrum, canal, orifice, sphincter (pylorus) that surrounds the pyloric orifice

Question 36

what two structures does the pyloric sphincter divide

Answer 36

the stomach and small intestine

Question 37

lining of stomach

Answer 37

mucosa: | simple columnar epithelium

Question 38

how are gastric glands formed

Answer 38

by tube-like gastric pits formed by mucosa lining

Question 39

muscle layers of the stomach

Answer 39

outer longitudinal middle circular inner oblique

Question 40

why do muscles in the stomach have different directions

Answer 40

to be able to contract in any type of configuration

Question 41

what is the function of gastric glands

Answer 41

secrete hydrochloric acid, enzymes and hormones to digest the food indicate when we are full