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VT APC > Health & Safety > Flashcards

Health & Safety Flashcards

1
Q

What is the key legislation around H&S?

A

Surveying Safely - Health & Safety at Work Act (1974)

RICS Professional Standard: Surveying Safely - Health & Safety Principles for Property Professionals (2nd Edition, 2018)
- Safe working environment
- Safe work equipment
- Competent staff
- Up-to-date Employer’s liability insurance
- Up-to-date Public liability insurance

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2
Q

What regulations are in the 6-pack of H&S at work?

A

Each regulation imposes duties to employers to protect employees:

  1. Management
  2. Manual Handling Operations (lifting)
  3. Display Screen Equipment
  4. Workplace (inc. H, S and welfare)
  5. Work equipment
  6. PPE
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3
Q

What are the key legislation around fire safety?

A
  • Building Regulations (2010), which lead to Approved Document B (Fire Safety)
  • Building Safety Act (2022)
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4
Q

What do the Building Regulations (2010) entail?

A
  • For the construction or refurbishment of buildings
  • For all use classes
  • Objective is to ensure buildings are safe, healthy and high-performing
  • Include structural integrity, fire protection, accessibility, energy performance, acoustic performance, protection against falls, electrical and gas safety
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5
Q

Which part of the Building Regulations relates to Fire Safety?

A

Part B

(Remember: B for BURN, you do not want to BURN in a fire)

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6
Q

What is included in Approved Document Part B?

A

Fire Safety:
- Warning and escape - fire detection systems and alarms (for people with impaired hearing, should have a visual alarm / vibrating alarm), if over 600 people live in the building there must be 2 escape routes
- Internal fire spread (linings)
- Internal fire spread (structure)
- External fire spread
- Access and facilities for the fire service

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7
Q

What does the Building Safety Act (2022) entail?

A
  • It was introduced as legislation following the Grenfell Tower fire in June 2017
  • Incorporates recommendations from the Hackitt review (2018)
  • New regime including new requirements for high rise buildings (HRB) over 18m high will have to have a second staircase, as a secondary means of escape to come into force in September 2026
  • UK Building Safety Levy introduced to new developments to correct existing defects in buildings
  • Higher competency required for Principal Designer and Principal Contractor
  • Have to register HRB with Building Safety Regulator by Oct 2023 and assessment will start from Apr 2024
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8
Q

What is cladding?

A

Outside layer applied to high-rise buildings to increase thermal energy efficiency / improve aesthetics / helps control internal environmental / protect from external environmental / acoustic benefits / prevent spread of fire / airtight building

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9
Q

What is a FRAEW?

A

Fire Risk Appraisal of External Walls

  • Assessment of safety performance of external walls in a building e.g. risk of fire spread
  • Examines insulation, cladding systems and facades to identify fire hazards
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10
Q

When is a FRAEW required?

A
  • All multi-occupied residential buildings with two dwellings require a Fire Risk Assessment (FRA) to assess their external walls
  • A FRAEW is required where there is a suspected or known risk arising from the form of construction used for the external wall (such as combustible materials)
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11
Q

What is an EWS?

A

External Wall System:
- Cladding
- Insulation
- Fire break systems

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12
Q

What is an EWS1 form?

A
  • Residential buildings
  • Confirms if external wall system has been assessed for safety by a suitable expert
  • Provides assurance for lenders, valuers, residents, buyers and sellers
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13
Q

What is the key guidance in relation to CDM?

A

Construction Design and Management Regulations (2015)

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14
Q

What do the Construction Design and Management Regulations (2015) set out?

A

Roles of duty holders:

  • Client
  • Principal Designer
  • Principal Contractor
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15
Q

What is the role of the client in CDM?

A

You could be a domestic or commercial client:

Commercial client:
- Appoint PD and PC
- Ensure time and resource
- Relevant info is provided to PD and PC
- Ensure PD and PC carry out their duties
- Welfare is provided

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16
Q

What is the role of the Principal Designer in CDM?

A

Manage H&S in pre-construction phase
- Identify and eliminate risks
- Ensure designers carry out their duties
- Provide info to dutyholders
- Liaise with PC to help the construction phase

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17
Q

What is the role of the Principal Contractor in CDM?

A

Manage H&S in construction phase
- Liaise with client and principal designer
- Prepare construction phase plan (PDF)
- Organise contractors and their work
- Site inductions
- Take steps to prevent unauthorised access
- Workers are engaged in securing their health and safety
- Welfare is provided

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18
Q

What is asbestos?

A

Insulating material which can cause serious health problems

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19
Q

What is brown asbestos?

A

Amosite

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20
Q

What is blue asbestos?

A

Crocidolite

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21
Q

What is white asbestos?

A

Chrysotile

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22
Q

What is the key guidance for asbestos?

A
  • The Control of Asbestos Regulations (2012)
  • RICS Professional Standard: Asbestos (2021)
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23
Q

What are the obligations set out in The Control of Asbestos Regulations (2012)?

A
  • To the duty holder (building owner / tenant)
  • To the employer
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24
Q

What are the types of asbestos survey?

A
  1. Management Survey
  2. Refurbishment Survey
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25
Q

What is the purpose of a management survey?

A

Locate, assess and advise on management of asbestos. No samples taken.

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26
Q

What is the purpose of a management survey?

A

Required where the premises needs upgrading. Sample of material is taken. Recommendations made to it’s management.

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27
Q

What are the 5 steps in asbestos management?

A
  1. Duty holder assess whether the premises contains asbestos
  2. Assess the risk and produce an asbestos management plan
  3. Produce an asbestos register
  4. Make register available to all parties who might disturb it
  5. Review the register regularly (6 monthly)
28
Q

What are the statutory obligations of a commercial property owner?

A
  • Asbestos management
  • Contamination
  • Equality Act 2010 compliance
  • EPC
  • Fire safety
  • Building safety
  • Health and safety
  • Legionnaires disease
  • Occupiers’ liability
  • PAT testing (portable electrical equipment)
  • Waste management
29
Q

Provide an example of when you have undertaken a risk assessment or method statement?

A
  1. Instructed supplier to install manifestation on a window to ensure new tenant had privacy
  2. Reviewed the Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) to establish the supplier would need to complete a risk assessment and method statement to identify risks and how they would be mitigated
  3. Risk of falling objects from the tower scaffold in RA
  4. Mitigated through an exclusion zone in MS
30
Q

Prior to going onsite, what would you consider?

A
  1. Notify security team of names and contact details
  2. Organise 5-point PPE
  3. CM to give safety briefing
31
Q

What is Lendlease’s policy on lone working?

A
32
Q

What is LL’s approach to H&S?

A

Three Ps Strategy - Physical, Product and Psychological

Physical - Preventing exposure to injuries and fatalities
Product - Preventing exposure to risks from product we provide
Psychological - Creating a culture and environment where everyone is respected and supported

GMRs

33
Q

What would you do prior to going on an inspection / onsite?

A
  • Notify a colleague where you are going / who you are meeting
  • Ensure they have your contact details
  • Inform them what time you’ll be back
34
Q

What is LL policy to lone working?

A
  • Take phone
  • Park near destination in public view
  • Work in daylight
  • Inform someone where you are
  • Must always wait for last person to leave
35
Q

What are key updates to the RICS Professional Standard: Health & Safety Principles for Property Professionals (2nd Edition, 2018)?

A
  • ‘Safe person’ concept whereby each individual assumed responsibility for their own, colleagues and others’ health and safety at work
  • RICS firms must provide a safe working environment, safe work equipment, safe systems of work, competent staff
36
Q

What does the Health & Safety at Work Act (1974) emphasise?

A
  • Duty on employers to ensure H&S is not a risk by maintaining equipment, safe systems of work and safe premises
  • A director or senior manager commits an offense if the company’s breach was within their consent or neglect
37
Q

What are corporate requirements under the Health & Safety at Work Act (1974)?

A
  • Line management to lead on H&S
  • Policy statement
  • Accountability, policies, procedures
  • Risk assessment
  • Staff training
  • Insurance in place
  • If incident, firm must investigate cause and take action
  • Firms must take account of time pressures, fatigue, inexperience
38
Q

What should a H&S Policy include under the Health & Safety at Work Act (1974)?

A
  • Safe place to work
  • Minimise risks relating to monitors and workstations
  • Provide PPE
  • Manual handling
  • First aid
  • Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (1995)
  • Safe electrical systems
  • Hazardous substances
  • Asbestos
  • Fire risk assessment
  • Working hours
  • Health & safety induction
  • Driving
  • Stress
  • Lone working
39
Q

What is a hazard?

A

Potential to cause harm

40
Q

What is a risk?

A

Likelihood of harm being realised

41
Q

How would you undertake a risk assessment?

A
  1. Identify hazards
  2. Who could be harmed
  3. Evaluate risks and decide on precautions
  4. Record findings and implement
  5. Review and update
  6. Advise those who could be affected on outcome of assessment and control measures to eliminate risk

Then review risk on site, as situation could change

42
Q

What is the hierarchy of risk control?

A
  1. Eliminate (use a drone to avoid working at height)
  2. Substitute (pre-prepared components rather than cutting on site)
  3. Engineering controls (separate hazard from operators by enclosing equipment)
  4. Admin controls (reduce need for lone working, work in daylight)
  5. PPE (last resort)
43
Q

What should RICS members do to ensure they are acting in line with the Health & Safety at Work Act (1974)?

A
  • Report H&S breaches
  • Personal risk assessment
  • Wear PPE
  • Staff training
44
Q

How do you stay safe onsite?

A
  • Phone / alarm
  • Escape route
  • Safe word with office
  • Schedule available to colleagues
  • Careful of roof voids
  • Park car near and keep keys on you
  • Know who you are meeting
  • Follow gut instinct
  • Understand site rules
  • Be aware of aggressive occupants and dogs
45
Q

How would you keep personal property safe?

A
  • Keep property on you
  • Don’t leave property in view in car / around onsite
  • Back up phone
  • Keep confidential info safe
  • Remove shoes when entering
  • Leave accom as you found it
46
Q

What is legionnaires’ disease?

A

Potentially fatal form of pneumonia caused by bacteria found in environmental water sources like rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Also found in purpose built water systems like pools.

47
Q

Who regulates H&S?

A

Health and Safety Executive

48
Q

Why is PPE the last resort?

A

It is number 5 in the hierarchy of risk control

  1. Eliminate
  2. Substitute
  3. Engineering controls
  4. Admin controls
  5. PPE
49
Q

What legislation covers risk assessments?

A

Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (1992)

50
Q

What does the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (1992) set out?

A

What employers must do - identify hazards and risks and control them:

  • Risk assessments
  • Health and safety arrangements
  • Health surveillance
  • Procedures for serious and imminent danger
  • Capabilities and training
51
Q

What does HSE publish?

A
  • Guidance
  • ACOPs (approved codes of practise)
52
Q

What does an ACOP do?

A

Describe HSE preferred or recommended methods that can be used to comply with regulations and duties imposed by the Health and Safety at Work Act (1974)

If you do not follow ACEPs, you have to show how you have abided by the laws in other ways

53
Q

How would you apply HSE guidance in your role?

A

Through following HSE guidance
Through following ACOPs (approved codes of practise)

54
Q

Explain the hierarchy of risk?

A

Using risk assessment, understand what you can do as follows:

  1. Elimination - can the employer get rid of the risk, physically removed?
  2. Substitution - can the hazard be replaced by another activity that is not hazardous?
  3. Engineering controls - if employer can’t get rid of hazard, how can they control it so harm is unlikely? Isolate people from the hazard
  4. Admin controls - change the way people work
  5. PPE - last resort
55
Q

What legislation do risk assessments fall under?

A

Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (1999)

56
Q

Talk me through a risk assessment

A
  1. Identify hazards (you could google street view of it so you know the nature of the premises / look at accidents records / non-routine operations / manual handling / chemicals / work related stress like lone working / vulnerable workers like pregnant or disabled people)
  2. Assess the risk (who, what, when - why might be harmed, what action you need to control risks, when the action is needed by)
  3. Eliminate hazard / control risk (e.g. window cleaning at height, eliminate hazard by using a long stick with mop on end / abseiling and BMUs / question whether you actually need to visit the site, could the building fall on you?)
  4. Record findings (if firm is more than 5 people, record hazards, who might be harmed and how, what you are doing to control the risk)
  5. Review (review regularly as new risks occur such as new staff, new substances, new work equipment, if workers spot any problems like near misses)
57
Q

What are the risks of lone working?

A
  • Bitten by dogs
  • Threatened by physical violence
  • Worked alone at night
58
Q

What legislation governs lone working?

A

HSE Guidance: Protecting Lone Workers - How to manage the risks of working alone

59
Q

What is classed as lone working?

A
  • Working alone in a fixed base (like alone in a shop)
  • Working separately but on same premises but different hours (cleaners / security)
  • Working at home
  • Working away from a fixed base like a care worker in someone’s home / on a construction site / service works attending sites to fix things / drivers or couriers
  • Volunteers working alone
60
Q

How can firms manage lone working?

A

All employers must comply with their legal duties towards lone workers under Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) and the Management of Health and Safety Regulations (1999)

  • Must consider risks before people are allowed to work alone
  • Training (consider how experienced someone is)
  • Systems in place to stay in touch / respond to incidents
  • Systems to keep in touch and respond to an incident (providing phone if area has coverage, landline, payphone)
  • Personal responsibility (take care of selves)
  • What supervision is needed
  • Other people the lone worker may come into contact with
  • Work undertaking (competent / training / are they vulnerable if young, pregnant, disabled or a trainee)
  • Location (rural, isolated, poor signal)
  • Exit routes (if working in someone else’s home)
  • Triggers (acting as security poses a risk / handling money)
  • Mental health and wellbeing (good support, good communication, procedures to support this)
  • Communications (first language may not be English)
  • Medical conditions (seek medical advice as an employer if necessary, routine or emergencies)
61
Q

What is key legislation around CDM?

A

Construction (Design and Management) Regulations (2015)

62
Q

Who regulated CDM?

A

HSE

Health and Safety Executive

63
Q

What is construction?

A

Construction, alteration, conversion, fitting out, commissioning, renovation, repair, upkeep, other maintenance, cleaning which includes the use of water or an abrasive / high pressure, maintenance including cleaning or the use of corrosive or toxic substances, de-commissioning, demolition or dismantling of a structure, preparation for an intended structure including site clearance, exploration / investigation (but not site survey) and excavation (but not pre-construction archaeological investigations), clearance or preparation of the site or structure for use or occupation at PC, assembly on site of prefabricated elements to form a structure, etc.

64
Q

What is not construction?

A
  • Extraction of mineral resources
  • Where exploration is carried out
65
Q

What is a structure?

A

Building, timber structure, masonry structure, metal structure, reinforced concrete structure, railway line, railway sidings, tramway line, dock, harbour, inland navigation, tunnel, shaft, bridge, viaduct, waterworks, reservoir, pipe or pipeline, cable, aqueduct, sewer, sewage works, gasholder, road, airfield, sea defence works, river works, drainage works, earthworks, lagoon, dam, wall, caisson, mast, tower, pylon, underground tank, earth retaining structure, structure designed to preserve or alter fixed plant

66
Q

Who is involved in CDM?

A
  • Commercial clients: firms for whom a construction project is carried out for as part of a business
  • Domestic clients: people who have construction work carried out on their own home that is not done as part of a business
  • Principal designer: appointed by the client to take control of the pre-construction phase of any project involving more than one contractor
67
Q

If you were planning an inspection of a site, what RICS guidance should you adhere to?

A

Health and Safety at Work (1874)

VT APC (20 decks)

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