Sustainability Flashcards
1
Q
How is the RICS involved?
A
- RICS Sustsinability Report is published every year which provides a global benchmark for issues of climate, carbon and sustaibaility practise. 50% of respondent’s reported a rise in occupier and investor demand for climate adapted real estate.
- RICS has updated the Whole Life Carbon Assessment which took effect from 1st July 2024. The key updates include:
– Aligned with International Cost Management Standards and the Built Environment carbon Database to provide a consistent output of cost and carbon reporting and benchmarking
– Sets a standard approach for assessing whole life carbon across the entire asset life cycle, so it can be undertaken across all sectors and asset types
– Industry agreed definitions for carbon terminology
– Mandatory requirement to calculate and report a contingency allowance
2
Q
Key legislation?
A
- Climate Change Act (2008) amended in (2019) for net zero by 2050
- RICS Rules of Conduct (Rule 3)
- RICS Red Book Global (VPGA 8)
- RICS Professional Standard: Sustainability and ESG Guidance in Commercial Property Valuation and Strategic Advice (2021)
- RICS Professional Standard: Environmental Risks and Global Real Estate (2018)
- RICS SKA (for fit out of commercial premises)
3
Q
Commercial Accreditation
A
- RICS SKA (commercial fit out)
4
Q
Net Zero Carbon
A
Climate Change Act (2008) amended in 2019 for UK to achieve net zero carbon by 2050
Interim target of reducing emissions by 78% by 2030 was introduced
5
Q
Better Buildings Partnership (BBP)
A
UK property funds and REITs committed to net zero carbon by 2050 through this
The UKGBC has a framework for this:
1. Establish net zero carbon scope (across construction, use, refurb, demolition)
2. Reduce construction impacts
3. Reduce operational energy use
4. Increase renewable energy supply
5. Offset any remaining carbon
6
Q
What are Lendlease’s commitments to sustainability?
A
- Net Zero Carbon by 2025 in Scopes 1 & 2
- Absolute Zero Carbon by 20240 in Scopes 1, 2 & 3
- A$250 million of measured social value by 2025
7
Q
EPCs:
A
What is the EPC regime?
1. Higher standards of energy conservation for new and refurbished buildings
2. Calculation methodology for the energy performance of buildings
3. Minimum requirements for the energy performance of all buildings
4. Energy certification for all buildings when built, modified, leased, sold
5. Mandatory inspection of boilers and air conditioning systems
What are the requirements?
- All commercial buildings over 500sqm must achieve a minimum E which could rise to C in 2027
- When newly built, sold or let for more than 6 months
- When newly refurbished and heating, AC, ventilation services are altered, or subject to Building Regs for construction
- Residential buildings when leased, sold, refurbished, sub-let must achieve a minimum E which could rise to C in 2025
What are the exemptions?
- Listed buildings
- Buildings with no heating
- Religious buildings
- Temporary buildings
- Buildings to demolish / redevelop
- Resi unit not occupied more than 4 months a year
What are the rules for marketing?
- Commissioned within 7 days of marketing (28 day limit)
- Agents responsible
- Energy rating must be displayed (and graph if space)
- Online material must have link to show front page
What must the front page show?
- Address and floor area
- EPC reference number
- Technical info on energy provision
- Estimation of energy running costs
- Energy performance rating from A+ to G
- Benchmarking information
How long valid for?
- 10 years
Penalties?
- Local Authorities Trading Standards enforce
- Residential: £200 fine for non display on marketing
- Commercial: 15.5% of RV or £500-£5000 fine
8
Q
MEES:
A
Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards (2015):
As of April 2023 you cannot let a building of EPC F or G
Updated for 2030 has to be B, 2027 C - for Commercial buildings
Require an EPC Level E:
- New leases from 1st April 2018 (commercial & resi)
- All existing leases from 1st April 2020 (resi) and 2023 (commercial)
- Spend £3,500 on improving energy efficient where an AST was granted since 1st April 2019 if property has F or G rating and the tenant demand improvements
Exemptions:
- Place of worship
- Industrial / workshop with low energy demand
- Tenancy less than 6 months
- Tenancy more than 99 years
- Not feasible (no payback over 7 years despite energy savings, 3 quotes must be obtained)
- If improvements would devalue a property by more than 5%
- Third party consent from tenant, landlord or planning authority is refused
- Some residential leases (company lets, second homes, high/low rents, public second and social landlords)
- Must register exemptions
Non-compliance:
Commercial
- Less than 3 months: up to £5,000 or 10% RV (max £50,000)
- More than 3 months: up to £10,000 or 20% RV (max £150,000)
Residential
- Less than 3 months: up to £2,000
- More than 3 months: up to £4,000
Changes?
- Proposed changes to EPC and MEES whereby EPC Band C for new tenancies by 2024 and other tenancies by 2028 was shelved
- Proposed changes to MEES regulations may change in future to require EPC Band B for all new tenancies from 2030
9
Q
What are ESOS?
A
Energy Savings Opportunity Schemes
Mandatory for large UK firms with 250 employees / turnover + £44m / balance sheet + £38m
- Measure total energy consumption across buildings, transport and industrial activities every 4 years
- Conduct energy audits to identify cost-effective energy efficiency recommendations
- Report compliance to the Environment Agency
10
Q
Heat Network (Billing & Metering) Regulations (2014, 2015, 2020)
A
- Related to communal heating systems in multi-occupied commercial and residential schemes and to district heating systems
- Customers must be provided with accurate meter readings / bills and competitively priced individual meters
11
Q
What is the Climate Change Levy?
A
- Tax on energy delivered to non-domestic users in the UK
- Introduced to increase energy efficiency within businesses and reduce carbon emissions
- Consumers charged by their energy providers who forward £1.9m to UK Treasury
- Energy generated from renewable sources is exempt from CCL
12
Q
What are Display Energy Certificates?
A
- Required by assets occupied by public sector and visited by the public, which are over 250 sqm
- Display actual energy used and CO2 emissions - operational energy
- BBP leading an industry initiative to promote voluntary certification and disclosure of office buildings’ operational energy ratings (NABERS UK)
13
Q
Biodiversity Net Gain?
A
- Creating and improving natural habitats and deliver measurable positive impact through the development process
- From Feb 2024 it is compulsory for all new developments to provide at least 10% BNG for 30 years, either through on or off site measures
- Statutory Biodiversity Metric will be used to calculate BNG delivered
14
Q
What is BREEAM?
A
Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method
- Voluntary
- New, refurbished or operational buildings
- 9 categories (energy consumption, water use, transport links, waste management, health & wellbeing)
15
Q
NABERS
A
Australia and UK
16
Q
WELL
A
- International
- Health and mental wellbeing
17
Q
Guidance?
A
RICS Practise Information: The design, delivery and management of healthy buildings: a practical guide (2023)
- Existing and new buildings
- How healthy buildings impact our health in relation to design, construction, sound, light, water and air quality, building technology and management
- Role of health and wellbeing in ESG and how it should be considered
18
Q
Other current issues?
A
- Green leases seek to ensure landlords and tenants share information about the use of energy, water and waste arising in a building (BBP has a toolkit)
- RICS SKA Rating scheme aims to be the standard measure of building fit out in relation to sustainability (gold, silver, bronze)
- BBP published various toolkits to provide guidance
- RICS Residential Retrofit Standard (2024)
- Developers using renewable energy, technology (solar, wind, biomass, heat pumps to achieve low carbon emission solution), use of natural daylight for solar gain, energy management and monitoring systems for waste, water, and procurement of goods and services
19
Q
How long is an EPC valid for?
A
10 years
20
Q
When was net zero decided?
A
Paris Agreement (2015)
21
Q
What is key legislation relating to Sustainability?
A
Climate Change Act (2008)
22
Q
What does the Climate Change Act set out?
A
Requires UK to achieve net zero carbon by 2050
23
Q
What is net zero carbon?
A
Greenhouse gases going into the atmosphere are balanced by the removal out of the atmosphere
24
Q
What is a WLCA?
A
- Carbon is a greenhouse gas that traps heat / goes into ocean and changes ph
- WLCA assesses carbon emitted from a building during construction, operation and demolition
- Assess in emissions (embodied, operational, user, circular economy)
25
What is Urban Greening Factor?
- Planning tool to improve green infrastructure and greening in urban environments
- 0.3 for commercial, 0.4 for resi
- Green roofs, green walls, rain gardens (SUDS), trees, urban forests
26
Provide an example of how you have contributed to the sustainability of a project you have worked on?
Temporary and Permanent Energy Centre Switch
1. Instructed to determine switch point
2. Liaised with infrastructure team to understand the capacity of the TEC (3,000 units)
3. Engaged with Principal Contractor to understand when they forecast to deliver 3,000 units
3. Set indicative date for the switch to ensure the scheme continued to be connected into the EON ectogrid
27
Why can you not use a PEC all the way through?
The TEC is for Phase 1 which is until 2030, financially and logistically it doesn't make sense to build the PEC yet as it is on the opposite site and would have to dig up half of the site
28
Provide another example of when you have contributed to the sustainability of a project you have worked on?
Auto-irrigation
1. Undertook options analysis for the integration of auto-irrigation into the green roof of a plot
2. Liaised with internal sustainability expert who advised key opportunity is that it is more reliable than Estate ManCo, which maintains the success of the green roof in periods of drought and supports BNG
3. I was also advised that the risks include the cost to install and maintain, and unsustainability from a water usage perspective
4. I deemed it fitting to install it
29
Despite the risks, why did you think it was suitable to add it?
- Weather events are getting more extreme with summers getting hotter and dryer so we need measures in place
- Silvertown is 10% BNG and there is no scope to slip
30
Provide an example of where you have advised on a sustainability matter related to planning legislation?
BNG
1. How BNG of 10% would still be achievable if trees removed
2. Liaised with arboricultural consultant to understand the location, impact of retaining, rationale for removing, and solutions to ensure any shortfall in BNG was compensated for
3. Advised client that if retained, roots would impeach on location of future plots, reduce their GEA, compromise the viability of the scheme
4. ADVISED any shortfall would be compensated for by replacing new trees and shrubs to retain BNG of +10% in line with their Sustainability Statement and Planning Commitment
31
What is the legislation around BNG?
Town and Country Planning Act (1990) stipulates that of Feb 2024, all developments must deliver BNG of 10%
32
What is the Sustainability Strategy
Holistic: 15-minute to promote walking, inclusive, accessible community infrastructure, net zero carbon IN USE, minimise water use and maximise sustainable urban drainage, resilience to climate change including flooding and overheating
- Non-domestic spaces will be assessed against BREEAM New Construction and strive for 'Excellent'
- Refurbished spaces will be assessed against BREEAM Refurbishment and Fit Out and strive for 'Excellent'
33
How is the RICS improving sustainability?
- Publishing reports
- Promoting policy reform
- Developing standards
- Working with the UN to promote the SDGs
- Creation of carbon database (ICM3 - International Cost Management Standard, working with 49 other bodies to develop the database that will be the main source of carbon estimating and benchmarking in the UK)
34
Provide another example of when you have provided advice related to sustainability?
Photovoltaic System
1. Instructed to advise client whether PV panels should be incorporated into the design of the townhouses
2. Reviewed the Energy Strategy to establish they are encouraged
3. ADVISED they should be used
4. Liaised with internal sustainability expert to undertake analysis of opportunities and risks of the PV panel options
5. ADVISED option (a) no battery was preferred
35
What were the two options for PV panels?
Option (a) PV panels (no battery)
Option (b) PV panels
36
What were the opportunities and risks of each option?
Option (a) panels (no battery)
- Operational carbon saving
- Installation costs
- Embodied carbon end of life scenario
Option (b) panels (battery)
- Operational carbon saving
- Operational cost saving
- Higher installation cost
- Consideration of end of life scenario
37
Why was option (a) better?
- Lower installation cost
- Connected into ectogrid which acts as battery
38
What is BNG?
Development will result in more or better quality natural habitat than there was before development
39
How is the RICS helping?
Attended Buildings & Climate Forum in Paris in March 2024
- Gained endorsement for 2nd WLCA Standard
Annual Sustainability Report
- Biggest challenge is cost and return on investment, but appetite is there
- 50% of respondent's reported a rise in occupier and investor demand for climate adapted real estate.
40
What are EPC requirements for commercial buildings?
- EPC E
- Over 50 sqm
- Newly built / sold / leased 6+ months / newly refurbished / AC or ventilation is altered
- Could rise to C in 2027
41
What are EPC requirements for residential buildings?
- EPC E
- When leased / sold / refurbished / sub-let
- Could rise to C in 2025
42
What are exemptions to EPCs?
Listed buildings
No heating
Religious buildings
Temporary buildings
Buildings to be demolished / redeveloped
Homes that are not occupied for more than 4 months a year (2nd homes)
43
What are the EPC rules for marketing?
- Must be commissioned within 7 days (28 day limit)
- Agent responsible
- Energy rating and graph must be displayed
- Online material must have a link on front page
44
What must the front page of an EPC show?
- Address
- Floor area
- EPC reference number
- Technical info on energy provision
- Energy running costs
- Energy performance rating
- Benchmarking
45
How long are EPCs valid for?
10 years
46
What are penalties for non-compliance?
Resi - £200 fine for non display on marketing
Commercial - 15.5% of RV / £500-£5000 fine
47
Who endorses EPCs?
Local Authorities Trading Standards
48
How is BNG calculated?
Measures all habitats: grasslands, hedgerows, lakes, woodland, watercourses
It is measured in standardised biodiversity units:
- How many units a habitat contains before development tales places
- How many units are needed to replace the units of habitat lost and to achieve 10%, through the creation or enhancement
The formula takes into account the size, condition, strategic significance and type of habitat
For created or enhanced habitats, it also takes account of:
- Difficulty of creation or enhancement
- Time takes a habitat to reach its target condition
- Distance from the habitat loss
49
What are scope 1 emissions?
Emissions owned / controlled by Lendlease
E.g. burning fuel in fleet of vehicles / running boilers
50
What are scope 2 emissions?
Emissions Lendlease causes indirectly (come from where energy is purchased / produced)
E.g. generating the electricity we use in our buildings
51
What are scope 3 emissions?
Emissions not produced by Lendlease and not the result of our activities, but from our value chain
E.g. when we use products from our suppliers
52
How is UGF calculated?
Evaluates quantity and quality of urban greening
You input sq m of vegetation / wetland / trees / flowers / green wall etc into excel sheet, each one is given a weighted factor, and it calculates it
53
What is the EON ectogrid?
Uses ambient energy (energy that is already available in surrounding area)
Uses heat pump, which takes heat from ground or air and increases it to a temperature that keeps building warms
New energy is only added when all available energy has been shared by the buildings
54
What are the advantages of the ectogrid?
- Cuts reliance on non-renewables, lowers carbon footprint, boosts renewable energy use
- Cost savings why optimising electricity consumption
- Energy efficiency
- Future proof (enables renewable energy without combustion of fossil fuels)
- Two in one (heating and cooling)
55
Tell me about the EON Ectogrid?
- Cities responsible for 70% greenhouse gases
- 50% of Europe's energy consumption is used for heating and cooling, often through fossil fuel combustion
- There are unused energy sources in cities that are being wasted
- Ectogrid reduces supplied energy by 75%
- Adapts to environment by using energy in local area
- Uses decentralized heat pumps that are connected into a low energy grid with energy storage
- Uses cloud based software (EctoCloud) - Only adds energy into system when all ambient energy has been used
- Only draws into national grid when all ambient energy is used (national grid gets energy from weather, sun, waterways, tides)
56
Why is the EON ectogrid better than the National Grid?
It uses ambient energy that would otherwise go to waste before drawing on energy from the National Grid
It is projected to save 4,000 tonnes of CO2 per annum (88% lower than gas boilers)
57
Why did Silvertown chose Ecotgrid?
- Energy Security: By relying on localised energy sources and technology, it strengthens its resilience against fluctuations in energy supply and prices
Reduced fuel poverty: The efficiency and cost-effectiveness of it makes it more affordable, alleviating fuel poverty within the community
- Enhanced circular economy: Promotes use of renewable energy sources, contributing to a more sustainable and circular economy
58
What is economic sustainability?
Economic sustainability refers to practises that support long-term economic growth without negatively impacting social, environmental, and cultural aspects of society
59
What is social sustainability?
Identifying and managing business impacts, both positive and negative, on people
Actions to achieve social sustainability may unlock new markets, help retain and attract business partners, or be the source for innovation for new product or service lines
60
What is the definition of sustainability?
Defined in the Bruntland Report (1992) as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
61
What is the definition of sustainable development?
Development that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs
62
What are LL's sustainability goals?
Net zero carbon in operation by 2025 in scopes 1 and 2
Absolute zero carbon in operation by 2040 in scopes 1, 2 and 3
63
What is the difference between absolute zero and net zero?
Absolute zero requires no offsets because no emissions are created
Net zero includes offsets as emissions are still created
64
What is embodied carbon and how does it affect development?
Embodied carbon relates to the construction of a building rather than the operation of a building
65
How does a district heating network work?
Supplies heat from a central source to consumers via a network of underground pipes carrying hot water
66
What are the weaknesses of a district heating network?
- Slower heating times
- Higher energy bills
67
What does the national grid provide?
The National Grid is the System operator of Great Britain's electricity and gas supply
Electricity - Mains
Gas - Gas central heating (radiators / hot water), gas ovens, gas hobs
68
What is a green roof?
Roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium.
69
What is green infrastructure?
Strategically planned and delivered network comprising the broadest range of high quality green spaces and other environmental factors
70
Why are green roofs good for the environment?
- Improved insulation and reduced energy consumption
- Attenuation of storm-water flooring
- Increased local biodiversity
- Providing an environment for endangered species
- Enabling local food production
- Offering local amenity space
- Provision of social space
71
What does green infrastructure include?
- Parks and gardens
- Green corridors
- Amenity greenspace
- Land used for food production
- Green roofs and walls
72
What is auto-irrigation?
Use of device to operate irrigation structures, so the change of flow of water from bays can occur in the absence of the irrigator
73
What other systems could you use instead of auto-irrigation?
- Solar powered irrigation systems
- SUDs
74
What is a SUD?
SUDs are drainage solutions that provide an alternative to the direct challenging of surface water through networks of pipes and sewers.
SUDs reduce flood risk by managing drainage in and around developments. They work by slowly holding back the water that runs off a site, allowing natural processes to break down pollutants.
Also:
- Reduce CO2
- Improve biodiversity
- Keep urban heat down
- promote health and wellbeing
75
What other water recycling systems could you install across a masterplan?
Outside a building:
- Rainwater harvesting (blue roofs, porous pavements)
- Water attenuation strategies (temporarily store rainwater)
In a building:
- Recycling grey water
- Automatic taps
76
What is BNG?
BNG is an approach to development that ensures developments have a measurably positive impact (net gain) on biodiversity, compared to what was there before development
77
How do you calculate BNG?
It measures the following in standardised biodiversity units:
- grassland
- hedgerows
- lakes
- woodland
- watercourses
1. How many units a habitat contains before development takes place
2. How many units are needed to replace the units of habitat lost and to achieve BNG 10%, through the creation or enhancement of habitat
Formula takes into account:
- size
- condition
- strategic significance
- type
78
What is the sustainability strategy for ST?
79
What are passive design elements you could include in a commercial building?
Passive design strategies uses natural / ambient energy sources instead of purchased energy like electricity or natural gas:
It harnesses environmental conditions such as:
- Solar energy
- Cool night air
- Natural ventilation
- Daylight
Includes:
- Insulation (thick walls to reduce energy loss in winter and gain in summer)
- High albedo roofing (reflects sunlight to avoid using electricity to cool home)
- Solar heating (installing windows / verandas to allow sun heating a space in winter and shades / blinds / triple glazed windows in summer)
- Natural lighting (for heating)
- Natural ventilation (uses windows and doors to let air enter and exit)
- Rainwater harvesting (collect rainwater for tasks where drinkable water is not needed such as watering, toilet flushing or car and clothes washing)
- Recycled materials (using recycled, local and reused materials)
- Green roof and vegetation (renew air to reduce the amount of carbon released through photosynthesis, also planting deciduous trees to hide a house from sun in summer and allow it to be heated in winter)
Consider:
- Location
- Orientation
- Massing / shading
- Insulation
- Internal layout
- Positioning of openings to allow penetration of solar radiation / visible light
80
What active design methods could you include in a commercial building?
Active design strategies use purchased energy / active building services systems:
- Boilers
- Chillers
- Mechanical ventilation
- Electric lighting
- Solar electric and thermal energy (solar panels)
- Geothermal heat (heat pump - captures calories in outside air / into the ground and transmit them inside to a heat room)
- HVAC systems (electronic systems that heat, ventilate and air condition a room)
- Greywater reuse (water not used from showering, dishwashing, handwashing or from kitchen sinks. Includes treatment and filtration for toilet flushing, watering or clothes washing)
81
What hybrid design methods could you include in a commercial building?
Use active systems to assist passive measures:
- Heat recovery ventilation
- Solar thermal systems
- Ground source heat pumps
E.g. Using insulation to reduce the need for extensive heating and cooling, this leads to decreased energy consumption and cost saving for the occupants
82
What is social sustainability and how have you incorporated this into your strategy at ST?
83
Is there any RICS Sustainability guidance?
RICS Professional Standard: Sustainability and ESG in Commercial Property Valuation and Strategic Advice (3rd Ed., 2023)
- Advice for valuations interface with ESG and sustainability
- Alignment of ESG and sustainability considerations with core mechanics of valuation (purpose, basis, approach)
- Glossary
84
In relation to your sustainability CPD, could you give a high level overview of whole life carbon assessments?
Used to assess and report carbon emissions across an asset's whole life cycle including production, construction, operation, end of life and beyond asset life:
Production: raw material extraction, manufacturing, transportation
Construction: transportation, assembly, installation
Operation: use, maintenance, repair, renewal
End of life: deconstruction, waste processing, disposal
Beyond asset life: reuse, recycling, energy recovery
85
When should WLCA be undertaken?
Should be undertaken in a sequential fashion during the early concept design, technical design, construction and post-completion phases
Concept design - Used as the project baseline for ongoing carbon reporting and progress tracking
Technical design - Pre-construction forecasts should be used to evaluate the evolving design, and at tender assessments should be used to evaluate tenders
Construction phase - As specific products are chosen or the design is adjusted, pre-construction forecasts should be reviewed and updated to monitor construction variations
Post-construction phase - A post completion assessment should be used to check the carbon reductions predicted in the pre-construction and at-tender forecasts have been achieved
86
What is a WLCA?
Assesses whole life carbon across the entire asset life cycle
87
What is the latest WLCA guidance and what does it set out?
RICS Professional Standard: Whole Life Carbon Assessment for the Built Environment (2nd Ed., 2023)
- Expansion of 1st edition
- Extends to both buildings and infrastructure so WLCA can be undertaken across all sectors and asset types
- Latest agreed industry definitions for carbon terminology
- Introduces mandatory requirements to calculate and a report a contingency allowance, depending on when the WLCA is produced
- Greater detail on carbon data sources and conversion factors
88
What is the latest WLCA guidance and what does it set out?
RICS Professional Standard: Whole Life Carbon Assessment for the Built Environment (2nd Ed., 2023)
- Expansion of 1st edition
- Extends to both buildings and infrastructure so WLCA can be undertaken across all sectors and asset types
- Latest agreed industry definitions for carbon terminology
- Introduces mandatory requirements to calculate and a report a contingency allowance, depending on when the WLCA is produced
- Greater detail on carbon data sources and conversion factors
89
What are GHGs?
Greenhouse Gases
Constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic (human-created), that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, the atmosphere and clouds
90
What is whole life carbon?
Whole life carbon emissions are the sum total of all asset related GHG emissions and removals, both operational and embodied, over the life cycle of an asset, including it's disposal
91
What is the difference between embodied, upfront and operational carbon?
Embodied - Total GHG emissions associated with materials and construction processes
Upfront - GHG emissions associated with materials and construction processes up to PC
Operational - GHG emissions arising from all energy consumed by an asset in use, over its life cycle
92
Why is the climate change (2008) act relevant to your work?
In June 2019, the Climate Change Act (2008) was amended to commit the UK to net zero by 2050 (reduction from 1990 levels by 100%)
Impacts LL's sustainability strategy
- Net zero in scope 1 and 2 by 2025
- Absolute zero in scope 1, 2 & 3 by 204
Scope 1 - emissions from sources LL owns or controls (burning fuel in our fleet of vehicles)
Scope 2 - emissions a company causes indirectly (energy purchased so energy used in buildings)
Scope 3 - emissions not produced by LL but by assets owned / controlled by use (buy / use / dispose products from suppliers)
93
What is the definition of Net Zero Carbon?
The amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced is equal to or less than the emissions removed
94
What is an ectogrid?
Uses ambient heat (waste heat) so
95
How does an ectogrid ensure that the development receives heating and cooling in the most sustainable way possible?
Utilises any available waste energy before supplying more into the system
96
What is BNG?
Ensures that habitats for wildlife are left in a measurably better state than they were before the development
97
What is recent change in regulation to BNG?
Minimum 10% BNG as of 12th Feb 2024
Exempt:
- If the planning application was made before 12th Feb 2024
- If a development impacts less than 25 sqm of habitat or 5m of onsite hedgerows
98
What did your project require 10% BNG?
LBN require 10%
BNG 10% mandatory from 12th Feb 2024
Under Section 7A of the Town and Country Planning Act (1990)
Inserted under Schedule 14 of the Environment Act (2021)
99
Why did you advice option (a) for your PV system example?
(a) PV with no battery
Still have the benefit of solar power but without the added expense of installing associated batteries
Effectively trying to implement solutions but have to work within constraints of budget
Ectogrid consumes electricity, it does not create it
100
Why did you advice option (a) for your PV system example?
(a) PV with no battery
Still have the benefit of solar power but without the added expense of installing associated batteries
Effectively trying to implement solutions but have to work within constraints of budget
Ectogrid consumes electricity, it does not create it
