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Surgery 2 > Head Trauma > Flashcards

Head Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of head trauma

A

Road Accidents

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2
Q

What is a simple head injury

A

No scalp, brain, or bone injury. Just a concussion

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3
Q

Explain what is a complicated head injury

A

Scalp wound, bone fracture, or brain injuries

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4
Q

What is a vault fracture?

A

A fracture of a fissure, or a depression into the skull-type fracture. Can be simple or compound depending on if there’s an external wound

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5
Q

Skull base fractures more commonly include injury to what

A

The Basal Dura, and arachnoid

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6
Q

Skull base fractures have 3 types, what are they?

A

Anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossa fractures

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7
Q

What is Battle’s sign?

A

Blue-ish colour behind the ear

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8
Q

What is Battle’s sign indicative of?

A

A posterior fossa cranial fracture.

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9
Q

Bleeding from the ear is a sign of which fracture?

A

Middle cranial fossa

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10
Q

Olfactory nerve affection and “raccoon’s eye” are signs of what fracture?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

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11
Q

Treatment of a fissure fracture with no complications

A

Observation

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12
Q

Treatment of Depressed fracture

A

Elevate to original site, and debridement

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13
Q

First line treatment for basal fracture and extended treatment

A

Antibiotics to guard against meningitis, and cranial nerve repair for younger patients

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14
Q

Where does brain edema mean

A

Rise in the interstitial fluid leading to increased ICP

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15
Q

What can cause a brain contusion

A

Accelerating and decelerating force

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16
Q

Extradural hemorrhage site

A

Mostly temporal

17
Q

Extradural hemorrhage arterial and venous cause of bleeding

A

Middle meningeal vein/artery. Diploic being and venous sinuses

18
Q

EDH diagnosis

A

CT scan

19
Q

Treatment of EDH

A

Urgent craniotomy and evacuation of EDH

20
Q

SDH have 3 types

A

Acute, subacute and chronic

21
Q

Time frame for each SDH type

A

Less than 3, 4-21, and 21+

22
Q

An acute SDH commonly arises from what

A

Cortical Laceration, occurs with severe head injury

23
Q

In Chronic SDH, who does it happen to?

A

Old patients on anticoagulants

24
Q

Most common cause of bleeding in chronic SDH

A

bridging vein

25
Q

Chronic SDH treatment

A

Surgical evacuation through burr holes and application of drain

26
Q

Best form of neurological assessment

A

Glasgow coma scale

Surgery 2 (12 decks)

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