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HCHS A-level History > HCHS Germany: A LEVEL UNIT 3 - German Reunification > Flashcards

HCHS Germany: A LEVEL UNIT 3 - German Reunification Flashcards

1
Q

What was the significance of Willy Brandt’s Ostpolitik?

A

Lowered tension between East and West Germany

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2
Q

What was the Basic Treaty of 1972?

A

East and West Germany officially recognised each other’s right to exist

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3
Q

When did Honecker first visit the FRG?

A

1987

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4
Q

When did Gorbachev become leader of the USSR?

A

1985

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5
Q

What were Gorbachev’s two main policies?

A

Glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring)

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6
Q

Why did Gorbachev need to bring about change in the USSR?

A

Weak economy, military overspend, too much support to Eastern bloc countries

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7
Q

How much did the GDR borrow from the FRG in the early 1980s?

A

DM1.95 billion

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8
Q

By 1988, how many East Germans had migrated to the FRG?

A

30,000 (an increase of 18,500)

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9
Q

By 1989, how many East Germans had migrated to the FRG?

A

48,000 in the first few months

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10
Q

From 1987-88, how many East Germans were allowed to travel to the FRG to work?

A

6.2 million

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11
Q

What did the Hunagarian government announce on 2nd May, 1989?

A

Barbed wire fencing along the border with Austria was removed

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12
Q

What did many East Germans do in the summer of 1989?

A

Go on holiday to Hungary to cross the border to Austria

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13
Q

What did the Hungarian government announce on 9th August 1989

A

They would no longer stamp GDR citizens’ passports (so they wouldn’t be deported back)

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14
Q

Following Hungary, where did refugees go to to try and leave the East?

A

FRG embassies in Prague, Budapest, Warsaw and East Berlin

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15
Q

How many refugees crossed the Austria border from Hungary on 20th August 1989?

A

500

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16
Q

How many refugees did Austria accept on 1st September 1989?

A

20,000

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17
Q

What did Poland announce on 16th September 1989?

A

GDR refugees could cross to the West

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18
Q

How many GDR refugees fled Prague (to the West) in September 1989?

A

15,000

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19
Q

By 3rd November, how many refugees were camped around the FRG embassy in Prague?

A

45,000

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20
Q

By November 1989, how many people left the GDR each day?

A

9,000

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21
Q

How many East Germans left the GDR from August-November 1989?

A

200,000

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22
Q

Why was there a lack of leadership in the GDR during the refugee crisis

A

Honecker was ill with a gall bladder infection

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23
Q

What happened in Dresden in October 1989?

A

A 3 hour riot involving 10,000 East Germans as a train from Prague travelled through

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24
Q

What did people throw from the train going through Dresden?

A

Passports so other East Germans could escape

25
Q

Why was 7th October 1989 an important date for the GDR

A

40th anniversary celebration

26
Q

What started on 9th October 1989

A

Leipzig protests - 70,000 protesters

27
Q

How big were the Leipzig protests by 17th October 1989?

A

100,000 each night

28
Q

When was Honecker replaced and by whom?

A

17th October 1989 and Egon Krenz

29
Q

Why was Krenz’s leadership flawed?

A

He refused to make any changes to the laws in the GDR

30
Q

How many protesters were there across the GDR by November 1989?

A

750,000

31
Q

What did East Germans demand on 4th November 1989?

A

Political freedom, legal opposition groups and unrestricted travel

32
Q

Who annouced travel rights on 9th November 1989?

A

Gunter Schabowski

33
Q

What happened following Schabowski’s annoucement?

A

10,000s of East Germans crossed the border at the Berlin Wall

34
Q

How many Soviet soldiers were in the GDR in November and what did they do?

A

1.5million and they did nothing on 9th November 1989

35
Q

What happened to the SED leadership on 13th November 1989

A

Krenz was sacked and Gregor Gysi and Hans Modrow took over

36
Q

In the week after the fall of the Berlin Wall, how many East Germans fled West?

A

17,000

37
Q

When did Helmut Kohl announce his Ten Point Programme?

A

28th November 1989

38
Q

What was Kohl’s Ten Point Plan?

A

Link the two Germanys and move to reunification in 5-10 years

39
Q

What happened in Dresden on 19th December 1989?

A

Helmut Kohl visited the GDR and 100,000 people listened to him

40
Q

When was Germany reunified?

A

Midnight between 2nd and 3rd October 1990

41
Q

In which industry was the GDR relatively advanced?

A

Microelecttronics and computer technology

42
Q

Give on result of the industrial growth in East Germany

A

They had the highest levels of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide in the world

43
Q

How much lower was the life expectancy of GDR citizens compared to the FRG?

A

2 1/2 years lower for men and 7 years lower for women

44
Q

How mant GDR citizens left the country in January 1990?

A

60,000

45
Q

By how much did the GDR’s productivity decline following the fall of the Berlin Wall?

A

50%

46
Q

When was the Stasi HQ stormed by protesters?

A

15th january 1990

47
Q

How did Modrow try to appease protesters in March 1990

A

Called for elections for 18th March 1990

48
Q

What was the result of the GDR’s March 1990 election?

A

Alliance for Germany (CDU supported coalition) won 192 of 400 seats. SPD won 88

49
Q

Who took control of the GDR following the March 1990 elections?

A

Eastern CDU leader Lothar de Maiziere

50
Q

When did the monetary, economic and social union of Germany take place?

A

1st July 1990

51
Q

Why were France and the UK against German reunification?

A

Fear of a powerful Germany, fear of war, fear of a greater German economy

52
Q

When was the Four Powers meeting?

A

11th December 1989 - USA, USSR, UK and France

53
Q

What was the USA’s requirement for accepting German reunification?

A

That they be a member of NATO

54
Q

Why did Kohl have an advantage during talks with the Allied powers?

A

The GDR was collapsing and there was a fear of anarchy

55
Q

When were the Two pus Four negotiations?

A

March 1990

56
Q

Why was the USSR willing to back down over reunification?

A

The were suffering an economic crisis

57
Q

When did Gorbachev accept Germany could join NATO?

A

May 1990

58
Q

What was signed on 12th September 1990?

A

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

HCHS A-level History (20 decks)

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