Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HCHS A-level History > HCHS Germany: A LEVEL UNIT 3 - Economic Change > Flashcards

HCHS Germany: A LEVEL UNIT 3 - Economic Change Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards World History 101 flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards
1
Q

In 1873, how many companies went bankrupt when the German economy collapsed?

A

150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How did German industrialists and Junkers react to the economic crash in the 1870s?

A

Increased protectionism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which pressure group was formed in 1876 to introduce economic reform?

A

Central Association of German Industrialists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In 1876, on which goods did Bismarck want to introduce tariffs (but was blocked by the Reichstag)?

A

Pig iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When was Bismarck’s protective tarriff law and who halped pass it through the Reichstag?

A

1879, two conservative parties and the Z party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which party opposed tarriff reform because they represented the middle classes?

A

National Liberals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was the alliance between industrialists and Junkers nicknamed?

A

Alliance of rye and steel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When the National Liberals split in 1878 over the tariff issue, which two parties were formed?

A

The Progressives and the National Liberal Party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When did Kaiser Wilhelm II come to power?

A

1888

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

By which year was Germany’s naval building in decline?

A

1895

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What phrase was attributed to Kaiser Wilhelm’s desire for colonies?

A

To gain a ‘place in the sun’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why was Kaiser Wilhelm II desperate to build a navy?

A

To rival Britain, to unite the middle classes behind him and to provide business for industrialists and Junkers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who did Kaiser Wilhelm II appoint as secretary of state for the navy and in which year?

A

Admiral von Tirpitz in 1897

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What pressure group did Admiral von Tirpitz create to pressure the Reichstag into supporting naval expansion?

A

The Navy League

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the 1898 Naval Bill, how many ships were to be built?

A

17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In the 1900 Naval Bill, how many ships were to be built?

A

36

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Other than 1898 and 1900, when did the Kaiser pass more Naval Bills?

A

1906, 1908 and 1912

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

By 1914, what had happened to the size of the German navy?

A

Doubled in size (second only to Britain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How did Britain, France and Russia react to Germany’s naval expansion?

A

Britain signed the Entente Cordiale in 1904 and the Triple Entente with France and Russia in 1907

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which party remained stubbornly opposed to the Kaiser’s military expansion?

A

The SPD which grew to become the largest party in the Reichstag by 1912

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What was the winter of 1916-17 nicknamed due to a shortage of food suplies?

A

Turnip Winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

By 1931, what had wheat prices fallen to?

A

1/3 of pre-1920s prices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What percentage of the working population was involved in agriculture and forestry work by 1925?

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What percentage was the average income of farmers below the national average?

A

44%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How much did bankruptcy increase to by the late 1920s?

A

20%-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why was there anger and resentment from farmers towards the Weimar government?

A

They felt little was being done to help them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why did the Nazi drive for self-sufficiency help farmers?

A

Food imports were restricted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why did workers leave the land in the 1930s?

A

Nazi drive for industry required workers in cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How many people left rural areas for the cities in search of work between 1933-38?

A

1 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How much did the agriculture sector contribute to GDP in 1989?

A

1.6%, a decline from 11% in 1956

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What post-war act supported agricultural prices through protective tariffs on agricultural imports and when was this?

A

Agricultural Act (Green Law) and 1955

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How much did the 1955 Agriculture Act increase agricultural production by?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

By what year was Germany the third biggest economy in the world?

A

1963

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How much aid did West Germany receive from the Marshall Plan?

A

$99 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Much much did the West German economy grow by?

A

12% in 5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How many East German refugees were there?

A

3.6 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Define co-determinism?

A

Any business of over 1000 employees in Iron and steel works had to allow representatives from the workplace to have a say in the running of the business

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

When was the Works Council established?

A

1952

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Why was the works council so effective?

A

Meant that there were very few strike days in comparison to Britain and France

40
Q

Why did the economic miracle end?

A

Movement from heavy industry to service industry e.g. banking

41
Q

How much did the value of Germany’s exports increase by between 1872-1914?

A

£365million

42
Q

The German Mark was as strong as which other currency?

A

British pound

43
Q

Which year was the economic crisis in the Bismarck Era?

A

1873

44
Q

What is cartelisation and give an example of a cartel.

A

Meant companies merge to reduce competition, Thyssen AG, Freidrich Krupp AG, Steelworks Association

45
Q

What did Germany’s population increase from and to between 1890 and 1910?

A

50 million to 60 million

46
Q

What fraction of steel and coal did Germany produce?

A

2/3 of Europe’s steel and 1/2 of its coal

47
Q

When was the Auxiliary Service Act and what did it do?

A

1916, mobilised all men aged 17-60

48
Q

What organisation controlled food and rationed supplies?

A

The Imperial Grain Office

49
Q

What organisation controlled food and rationed supplies?

A

Industry and labour

50
Q

How much war debt did Weimar inherit?

A

DM140,000 million

51
Q

How much did reparations demand, from 1921, per year?

A

DM2 million

52
Q

When was the Dawes Plan?

A

1924

53
Q

In 1923, what was the $-DM exchange rate?

A

$1=DM4.2trillion

54
Q

When, what and who introduced the new German currency?

A

1924, Rentenmark, Chancellor Streseman (with help from Schacht)

55
Q

Due to hyperinflation, how much was 1 loaf of bread worth?

A

DM9 million

56
Q

When were the ‘Golden Years’?

A

1925-28

57
Q

By 1938, what % of government expenditure was focused on rearmament?

A

44%

58
Q

In what year was the Four Year Plan introduced and who oversaw it?

A

1936, Goering

59
Q

When did industrial production peak?

A

1944

60
Q

How did the chaotic nature of the Nazi State hamper production of key war materials?

A

Much infighting between economic departments

61
Q

Who, what and when was the economic infighting corrected?

A

Albert Speer, Central Planning Board, 1942

62
Q

Which economics minister developed, using Marshall Aid, the post-war economy?

A

Ludwig Erhard

63
Q

What boosted German Industry and why?

A

Korean War 1950-53, because foreign demand for German made goods increased

64
Q

By how much did Germany’s GNP increase by in the 1950s?

A

Tripled

65
Q

Formed in April 1951 and predecessor to the EU, what did ECSC stand for?

A

European Coal and Steel Community

66
Q

On _____ 1955 the Treaty of _____ Established the EEC (What did it stand for?)

A

25th March, Rome, European Economic Community

67
Q

How much of West Germany’s imports and exports came from the EEC by 1981?

A

45% of exports and 47% of imports

68
Q

Which six nations were the original founders of the ECSC and EEC?

A

France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg

69
Q

By how much did West Germany’s share of sugar exports rise between 1971-1977?

A

19%

70
Q

Name three foodstuffs that had common prices established between 1962-1970

A

Wheat, rice, oils, milk, fruit, vegetables, sugar, wine

71
Q

What effect did standardised European prices have on German exports?

A

Drop in food prices

72
Q

Who divided up Berlin after WW2?

A

Britain, France, USA and USSR

73
Q

What evidence is there for Germany becoming more unified by 1949?

A

British and American zones formed Bizonia in 1947 and French zone was added to form Trizonia in 1949

74
Q

How much Marshall aid was given to Western Europe in total?

A

$17 billion

75
Q

How much of Germany’s imports did the Marshall plan make up?

A

37%

76
Q

How much Marshall Aid did West Germany receive in the 40s and 50s?

A

$2.7 billion

77
Q

What was Marshall Aid money used for?

A

Railways, steel and electrical industries

78
Q

What was a sign of economic recovery for West Germany?

A

Achieved 40% of its pre-war output by 1946

79
Q

What did the Marshall Plan lead to in Europe?

A

Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) which would later form the EU

80
Q

In June 1931, how much money was withdrawn from Germany and how many major banks collapsed because of this?

A

RM1 billion and 3 major banks

81
Q

How much of Germany’s workforce was unemployed due to the Great Depression?

A

40%

82
Q

Which private armies did unemployed men join during the Great Depression?

A

SA and Reichsbanner (left-wing paramilitary group)

83
Q

How many men did the SA and Reichsbanner have by 1932 respectively?

A

SA: 400,000, Reichsbanner: 1 million

84
Q

Why was Germany more vulnerable than other countries after the Wall Street Crash?

A

Over-reliance on American loans, lack of domestic investment, decline in agriculture, small range of exports

85
Q

What did Chancellor Brüning do to alleviate unemployment (but actually only worsened the problem)?

A

Cut unemployment benefits and raised taxes

86
Q

What was one of Brüning’s only successes?

A

Stopping reparation payments for WW1

87
Q

How many votes did the Nazis gain in the 1930 election?

A

6.4 million

88
Q

What percentage of the vote did the Nazis have in 1932, making them the largest party?

A

37.3%

89
Q

When did Hitler become chancellor?

A

January 30th, 1933

90
Q

When was Hjalmar Schacht the Reich Minister of Economics?

A

August 1934 - November 1937

91
Q

How much was invested in work programmes for 1933-35 and how much did unemployment fall for 1934-35 because of this?

A

RM5,000 million and 2.7 million - 1.7 million

92
Q

How much did explosives manufacturers increase there workforce by when the Nazi’s started their war effort?

A

Twice as much

93
Q

When was Goring hired to take control of the economy to make it more rearmament driven and focused on the 4 year plan?

A

1936

94
Q

How much did the production of synthetic fuels increase by and how much did this equate to the demand of fuel during the 4 year plan?

A

130% and 18%

95
Q

How did Hitler restrict consumer spending?

A

Freezing wages

96
Q

When did Speer take over raw material production and waste reduction?

A

1942

97
Q

How much did tank and engine production increase by under Speer?

A

200%

HCHS A-level History (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions