Hazmat Book Flashcards
What are the 4 components of a hazards analysis program?
- Hazard identification
- Vulnerability analysis
- Risk analysis
- Emergency response resources evaluation
What chemicals can not be excreted from the body?
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) - in body fat and hydrogen flouride - in bones
What are the 7 types of harm events the human body can be subject to?
Thermal, mechanical, poisonous, corrosive, asphyxiation, radiation and etiological
What are the 3 basic atmospheres at an incident involving hazardous materials?
Safe atmosphere, unsafe atmosphere and dangerous atmosphere
Page 39
What is TLV?
Threshold limit value
Page 37
What is TWA
Time weighted average
Page 37
What is PEL?
Permissible exposure limit
Page 37
What is REL?
Recommended exposure levels
Page 37
What is STEL?
Stort term exposure limit
Page 38
What is TLV/C?
Threshold limit value/ceiling
Page 38
What is TLV/skin?
Threshold limit value/skin
What is AEGL?
Acute emergency exposure guidelines. Referred to as eagles
What percentage is considered oxygen deficient?
19.5% oxygen or lower
What percentage is considered oxygen enriched?
23.5% oxygen or higher?
What are the 2 types of radiation?
Nonionizing & Ionizing
Page 44
What is nonionizing radiation?
It on characterized by its lack of energy to remove electrons from atoms
Page 44
What is ionizing radiation?
It’s characterized by its ability to create charged particles or ions in anything it strikes
Page 44
What are the 4 types of ionizing radiation?
Alpha particles
Beta particles
Gamma rays
Neutron particles
Page 44-45
What are alpha particles?
Largest of the common radioactive particles. Have extremely limited penetrating power. They only 3 to 4 inches in air and can be stopped by a sheet of paper or skin
Page 44
What are beta particles?
A particle that’s the same size as an electron and can penetrate materials much farther then large alpha particles. They can penetrate paper and human skin but not internal organs
Page 44
What are Gamma rays?
Most dangerous form of common radiation because of the speed at which it moves, its ability to pass through human tissue and the great distances it can cover.
Page 45
What are neutron particles?
Another form of high speed particle radiation. Considered a whole body hazard.
Page 45
What is CPC?
Chemical protective clothing
Page 47
What are the 5 major components within NIMS( National Incident Management System)?
- Preparedness
- Communications and information management
- Resources management
- Command and management
- Ongoing management and maintenance
Page 72
What does SARA stand for?
Superfund amendments and reauthorization act of 1986
What is SARA? Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
Title III of SARA (SARA Title III) is the Emer- gency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA). SARA Title III establishes requirements for federal, state, and local governments, Indian tribes, and industry regarding emergency planning and Community Right-to-Know reporting on hazardous and toxic chemicals.
What are the basic management Concepts which ICS is predicted on?
- Division of labor
- Lines of authority
- Unity of command
- Span of control
- Have establishment of both line and staff functions within the organizations
Emergency responses programs can be caterogized as either?
System dependent or people dependent
Page 73
The organizational level that has functional or geographic responsibility for major segments of incidents operations is the?
Operations level
Page 74
Who is responsible for providing pre & post entry medical monitoring?
Hazardous materials medical unit
Page 83
What are campaign incidents?
They are incidents extending over a period of day or weeks that create different challenges for emergency responders
Page 89
What is the PACE model for planning?
Primary plan
Alternate plan
Contingency plan
Emergency plan
Page 89
What are the elements of CRM ( crew resource management) that can be used to improve leadership effectiveness?
Problem definition
Inquiry
Advocacy
What are the 8 basic tactical level functions that must be evaluated at emergencies involving or suspected involving hazmats or wmd agents?
- Site management and control
- Identify the problem
- Hazard assessment and risk evaluation
- Select personal protective clothing and equipment
- Information management and resource coordination
- Implement response objectives
- Decontamination and clean up operations
- Terminate the incident
Page 99
What are offensive tactics?
Requires responders to control/ mitigate the emergency from within the area of high risk
Page 102
What are defensive tactics?
Permit responders to control/mitigate emergency remote from the area of the highest risk
Page 102
What are nonintervention tactics?
Purse a passive attack posture until the arrival of additional personnel or equipment or allowing the fire to burn itself out.
Page 102
Who is responsible for the management of the staging area?
The operation section
What was historically known as level one staging?
Initial response operations. The first arriving units response to the incident scene while all other units are ordered to stages safe location close by to, but away from the scene where they can deploy in a safe timely and effective manner
What was historically known as level 2 staging?
Sustained response operations as an incident grows or escalates the instant command designates a fixed location where resources respond beyond the initial response can be placed until given a tactical assignment
What are public protective actions?
The strategy used by the instant command to protect the general population from the Hazardous Materials by implementing a strategy of either 1- shelter in place 2 - evacuation or 3 a combination of protection in place and evacuation
What is the highest strategic priority for any incident command?
Life safety
How is toxicity measured?
Usually in parts per million measured by a photo ionization device/ PID
What would confirm existence of a radiation hazard and should be used as a basis for establishing a hot zone?
Any positive reading two times above background levels or Alpha and/ or beta particles that are 200 to 300 counts ppm
above background
What are limited scale evacuations?
They are implemented by instant command when the incident affects one or two buildings in the vicinity of the incident
What are full scale evacuations?
Evacuations involved the relocation large populations from a hazardous area to a safe place. Full scale evacuation present two major problems for the incident command. Life safety and expense
What are the four critical issues that must be addressed and manage effectively in order for a full-scale public evacuation operation to succeed?
Alerting and notification, transportation, relocation facility and information
What percent of releases occur in facilities that produce, store, manufacturer or use chemicals?
75%
What percent of releases occur during transportation?
25%
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What are the top hazardous materials transported by rail?
Liquid petroleum gas, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid anhydrous ammonia, chlorine, gasoline and Blended motor fuels
What is the isolation perimeter?
The designated crowd control line surrounding the incident scene to maintain the safety and security of the spectators and the responders
What are the 7 basic clues emergency responders rely on as part of hazmat identification process?
- Occupation and location
- Container shapes
- Markings and colors
- Placards and labels
- Shipping papers and facility documents
- Monitoring and detection
- Senses
What are considered elevated temperature materials?
Materials that when transported in a bulk container are
-liquids that are at or above F (100° C)
- liquids with a flash point at or above 100° F (37.8°C)
- solids at a temperature at or above 464° F (240°C)
Page 173
What substance that is an elevated temperature material is marked differently?
Molten aluminum or molten sulfur. The container will be marked on each side and each end with the word hot and black or white lettering on a contrasting background
Page 173
What is the safest and second largest Hazmat Transportation mode within the United states?
Pipelines and piping systems
Page 173
Product flows through many transmission pipeline systems are monitored through a computerized pipeline called what?
SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition system
Page 174
And what year did OSHA update the hazard communication standard and adopt the global harmonization system?
The GHS was adopted in 2013
What are the three main elements of the global harmonization system?
- Classification system
- Labeling
- Safety data sheets
Page 175
What are the three different labels used on radioactive material packaging?
Radioactive white - I
Radioactive yellow - II
Radioactive yellow - III
What do the first 3 letters on a rail car desginate?
They identify the authorizing agency under whose authority of the specification was issued
Page 164
What must all shipping papers contain ?
P178
- Proper shipping name
- DOT hazard class/division number
- Subsidiary hazard class
- Identification number
5.packing group - Total quantity
- Emergency contact
What is a basic concept of hazard assessment and risk evaluation?
A credible benchmark and safe and successful emergency operations
Page 193
What factors influence the level of risk ?
1- hazardous natures of the material(s) involved
2-quantity of the material involved
3- containment system and type of stress applied to the container
4- proximity of exposures
5- level of all available resources
Cryogenic liquid
Gases that have been transformed into extremely cold liquids toward a temperatures below -130°F or -90°C
Page 195
What is ionic bonding?
The electrostatic attraction of oppositely charged particles. Atoms or groups of atoms, confirm ions or complex ions page 195.
What is Covalent bonding ?
The force holding together atoms that share electrons
Page 195
What are organic materials?
Materials that contain carbon atoms. Organic materials are derived from materials living or once living such as plants or decayed products. It’s organic materials are flammable.
Page 195
What are Inorganic materials ?
Compounds derived from other than vegetable or animal sources, which lack carbon chains, but may a contain carbon atom
What are saturated hydrocarbons ?
A hydrocarbon possessing only single covalent bonds, and all of the carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen, may also referred to as alkaline’s.
at what temperature do you find the normal physical state of a material?
The physical state or form solid liquid or gas material at normal temperatures between 68°F/20°C to 77°F/25°C
Page 195
, what is vapor pressure?
The pressure exerted by the paper within the container against the size of a container this pressure is temperature dependent as the temperature increases, so does the vapor pressure
Page 195
What is the temp definition of boiling point?
The temperature at which a liquid changes its phase to a vapor or gas.
Page 196.
What is the definition of melting point?
The temperature at which a solid changes its base to a liquid
Page 196
What is the definition of sublimation?
The ability of a substance to change from the solids to vapor state without passing through the liquid phase, for example dry ice
Page 196
What is the definition of critical temperature and pressure?
Critical temperature is the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied no matter how much pressure is applied. Critical pressure is a pressure that must be applied to liquefy a gas at it’s critical temperature.
Page 196
What is the definition of auto refrigeration?
Normally associated with liquefied gases in cryogenic liquids. Occurs during the rapid release, i.e. boiling of a liquefied gas it causes it to rapidly, cool, slow down the boarding process and remain in liquefied state.
P 196
What is the definition of volatility?
The ease with which a liquid or solid, can pass into the vapor state. Higher materials, volatility, the greater its rate of evaporation. Vapor pressure is a measure of a liquid propensity to evaporate, the higher, a liquid vapor pressure, the more volatile the material.
P 196
What is instrument response time?
also known as last time this is the period of time between when the instrument sense product and when a monitor reading is produced. depending on the instrument lag times may range from several seconds to minutes.
p207
as a general rule what is the lower end concentration direct reading instruments can read?
as a general rule they’re not designed to measure and or detect airborne concentrations below 1ppm
how many people should be on the air monitoring team?
at least two personnel with backup team were in an equal level of protection. page 208
What is a risk based response process?
Is a critical element in the assessment it must include (1) analyzing the problem, (2) identifying and assessing the hazards, (3) evaluating potential consequences and (4) determining the proper response actions based on the fax, science, and circumstances of the incident
What is a risk based response process?
Is a critical element in the assessment it must include (1) analyzing the problem, (2) identifying and assessing the hazards, (3) evaluating potential consequences and (4) determining the proper response actions based on the fax, science, and circumstances of the incident
what are the shipping papers called on a tractor trailer on the highway?
bill of lading or freight bill, it’s located in the cab of the vehicle and the driver is responsible
what are the shipping papers called on the railroad?
waybill and or contest, switch list, training list or track list. it’s with the train crew, the conductor or engineer. and the conductor is responsible
where shipping papers called on the water?
dangerous cargo manifest come on they’re in the wheelhouse or in a pipe like container on a barge. and the captain or the master is responsible
what are the shipping papers called on a plane?
the airbill with shippers declaration of dangerous goods. they would be found in the cockpit may also be found attached to the outside of packages. and the pilot is responsible
What are common problems with technical rescues
Hazardous atmosphere’s, hazardous work areas and limited access areas
Why do some rescuers become victims in technical rescues?
Underestimate the hazards and risks, took action without proper tools or equipment, we’re not properly trained for the tasks at hand, and or fail to understand emergency response timeline
What are special hazard and risks in confined space rescue?
Hazardous atmosphere is, Limited, egress, extended, travel distance is, unusual, physical hazards, darkness, and poor communication
What are ways to maintain site discipline on a scene ?
Maintaining incident, safety commander throughout the incident, use formal safety, checklist, and force, isolation, perimeter security, and use the hazard control zones and establish crew rotational schedule,
