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hardwick hall Flashcards

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1
Q

when was Bess born

A

1527

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2
Q

what class was Bess born into

A

the lower gentry

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3
Q

what was Bess left after her fathers death

A

a few hundred acres of land and £26

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4
Q

when did Bess die

A

1608

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5
Q

what was Bess title

A

Countess of Shrewsbury

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6
Q

where did Bess own estates

A

Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Devon and Cornwall

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7
Q

how did Bess acquire wealth

A

through marriages to her 4 husbands

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8
Q

what did Bess’ extreme wealth mean for Hardwick Hall

A

she could employ skilled craftsmen, afford the latest designs, and make use of the new technology

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9
Q

what natural resources did Bess have on her land

A

timber, slate, stone and clay

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10
Q

where did her iron come from

A

her own foundries at Wingfield

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11
Q

how did Bess make a lot of money

A

selling the materials she made on her land - the start of the building boom meant they were in high demand

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12
Q

what did Bess use portraits to do

A

convey the importance of her legacy, her family, and its continuity with the four generations it represented

she also wanted to show her loyalty to the queen by displaying portraits of her, William Cecil and the Virgin Mary

the portrait of Elizabeth was full length to represent the queen’s authority and power

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13
Q

what did Bess use in the high status areas

A

sophisticated ideas with imagery relating to classical literature and mythology

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14
Q

what was on the top of every tower

A

Flemish inspired crests enclosing Bess’ initials, ES

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15
Q

what did the long gallery reflect

A

high social status

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16
Q

from 1570 to the end of the 1620s what should a gallery measure

A

100ft

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17
Q

what was the purpose of a long gallery

A

entertaining, exercising, showing off paintings and tapestries

18
Q

who did Bess buy tapestries off and what did she do to them

A

brought them from the estate of Sir Christopher Hatton and she replaced his coat of arms with her own

19
Q

how many paintings did Bess own

A

97

20
Q

what was the roof made out of

A

lead

21
Q

what did the loggia allow

A

exercise without leaving the house, and the pleasure of looking at the view

22
Q

how had staircases been built before the 1580s

A

had to be built around a central column, rather than a single straight flight of steps

23
Q

what was the staircase at HH made of

A

stone

24
Q

how were elizabethan gardens set out

A

in a symmetrical pattern within squares of varying sizes, and with ornamental ponds or possibly lakes

25
Q

what did Bess use in the low status rooms

A

heraldry

26
Q

long gallery at Hardwick Hall

A

ran along the whole east wing of the house
-> provided impressive views of the countryside

27
Q

what was the most distinctive features of HH

A

the glass windows

28
Q

windows at HH:

A
  • most distinctive feature
  • increased in size as you moved up building
    -> higher up building you were, the more important you were
  • brick walls behind several of the windows to ensure symmetry from the outside but practicality and comfort form the inside
29
Q

what proved that bess was practical and not prone to waste

A

everyday furniture was made from onsite materials

30
Q

how was the layout designed to impress

A
  • long and magnificent route from the hall on the ground floor via the main staircase to the formal receiving rooms on the seconds floor to the best state rooms on the third floor
  • on the third floor there was the High great chamber, with the state withdrawing room next to it leading to the best bedchamber and the long gallery
31
Q

what shows new fashions

A
  • function of the great hall
  • changes to main staircase
  • development of long gallery
32
Q

purpose of great hall at HH

A

to impress arriving visitors

33
Q

great hall at HH

A
  • Smythson turned it 90 degrees
  • placed it in the middle of the house runnings from front to back (east to west)
  • allowed it to be used as an impressive entrance hall
  • warmer, with wall fireplaces and less smoky
  • where lower servants ate and socialised
34
Q

how does the staircase demonstrate changing times

A
  • before the 1580s, staircases had to be built around a central column, rather than as a single straight flight of steps
  • stone staircase at HH
  • led all the way to the most prestigious rooms at top of house
  • provided a ceremonial route
35
Q

what were a lot of walls covered with at HH

A

tapestries
- silk and metal thread in high status rooms
- coarser wool in lower class rooms

36
Q

how does HH demonstrate changing times

A
  • change from medieval times - no more need for defensive structures
  • not built around a central courtyard
37
Q

what did HH not being built around a central courtyard mean

A
  • able to show symmetry on outside
  • smythson could design HH with a row of rooms laid out side by side
38
Q

roof at HH

A
  • made of lead
  • covered rows of rooms
  • gently sloping leading to gutters around edges
39
Q

why was the need and function of a great hall going in decline

A

due to the changing relationship between a noble and his tenants

40
Q

gardens from the 15th century

A

the nobility wanted larger gardens close to their homes to use for pleasure and relaxation, rather than areas for hunting

history (6 decks)

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