Haloalkanes Flashcards
What are haloalkanes?
Compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and at least one halogen
What bond is in haloalkanes?
Polar as there is a dipole
What IMF are in haloalkanes?
PD-PD and London forces
are haloalkanes soluble in water?
No
Haloalkanes have PD-PD but water has hydrogen bonding.
IMF don’t match so haloalkanes are not soluble in water- form layers (more dense at the bottom)
Reactions of haloalkanes?
The C-X bond is polar
The delta positive C will attract the nucleophile
The electron pair forms a new covalent bond
What is a nucleophile?
An electron pair donor
What reaction happens when a haloalkane reacts with a nucleophile?
A substitution reaction
What is a substitution reaction?
A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms
Hydrolysis of haloalkanes?
Haloalkane -> alcohol
What is hydrolysis?
A chemical reaction involving water or an aqueous solution of a hydroxide that causes the breaking of a bond in a molecule. This results in the molecule being split into 2 products
What is the halogen atom replaced by?
The OH- group
How does a haloalkane react to form an amine?
Use NH3
Where does the nucleophile attack?
The Carbon from the opposite side to the leaving group (Br-)
