Alcohol Flashcards
Functional group?
OH (hydroxyl)
Diol?
2 functional groups
Triol?
3 functional groups
She
1 R group
Secondary alcohol?
2 R groups
Tertiary?
3 R groups
Alkanes:
Polar or non-polar bonds?
London forces?
Non-polar bonds
Very weak London forces
Alcohols?
Polar O-H bond?
London forces?
Hydrogen bonds?
Polar O-H bond
Very weak London forces
Strong Hydrogen bonds between O-H molecules
Why do alcohols have a higher boiling point than alkanes?
1) alcohols have a higher boiling point than alkanes as there are stronger hydrogen bonds and are more difficult to overcome
2) as the carbon chain gets longer, the difference between the boiling points of alcohols and alkanes decreases
Complete combustion?
Clean (blue) flame
Incomplete combustion?
Yellow flame with soot
What is required for oxidation of alchols?
Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
Colour change?
Orange to green
Immediate distillation?
Primary alcohol- aldehyde
Heat under reflux?
Primary alcohol to aldehyde to carboxylic acid
What do aldehydes end in?
Al
What is evidence that oxidation has occured?
Colour change from orange to green
What are the anti-bumping granules for?
For smooth boiling
Complete oxidation of primary alcohol?
Carboxylic acid
Heat under reflux
What is formed for the partial oxidation of alcohol?
Aldehyde
What is reflux?
Continual boiling of condensing of reaction mixture
Allows for prolonged heating without the flask boiling dry
What do aldehydes end in?
-one
Tertiary alcohol being oxidised?
Resists oxidation
What happens to an alcohol in an elimination reaction?
Turns into an alkene
Elimination reaction?
Remove a molecule from a saturated molecule to form an unsaturated molecule
