Atomic structure and isotopes 2.1.1

Question 1

What is an isotope?

Answer 1

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses

Question 2

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 2

2 different kinds of sub-atomic particles- protons and neutrons

Question 3

What is a nuclide?

Answer 3

Any atom of which the atomic number and the mass number are specified

Question 4

How are nuclides written as?

Answer 4

Mass number
Atomic number X

Question 5

What is the mass number?

Answer 5

The number of protons and neutrons

Question 6

What is the atomic number?

Answer 6

The number of protons

Question 7

What is a negative ion called?

Answer 7

Anion

Question 8

What is a positive ion called?

Answer 8

Cation

Question 9

How to find the number of electrons in an anion?

Answer 9

Add the charge to the atomic number

Question 10

How to find the number of electron in a cation?

Answer 10

Subtract the charge from the atomic number

Question 11

What are atoms and ions that have the same number of electrons called?

Answer 11

Isoelectronic

Question 12

Isotopes have the same ….. number but a different ….. number

Answer 12

Same atomic number- different mass number

Question 13

What are 3 isotopes of hydrogen?

Answer 13

Protium, deuterium, tritium

Question 14

Why might isotopes have slightly varying physical properties?

Answer 14

They have different masses

Question 15

What do electron shells have?

Answer 15

Sub- shells (sub-levels)

Question 16

What are the sub shells called?

Answer 16

S.p.d and f orbits;s

Question 17

What is the aufbau principle?

Answer 17

Electrons are placed into shells, starting with the lowest energy level first. Each shell must be full before the next shell starts to fill

Question 18

What is an orbital?

Answer 18

A region of space where the electron is most likely to be

Question 19

How many orbitals does an s-subshell contain?

Answer 19

One

Question 20

how many orbitals does a p sub shell contain?

Answer 20

Three

Question 21

How many orbitals does a d sub shell contain?

Answer 21

5 orbitals

Question 22

How many electrons can each orbital hold?

Answer 22

2 electrons with opposite spins

Question 23

what does the spins mean?

Answer 23

One electron spins clockwise and another spins anticlockwise

Question 24

What is hund’s rule?

Answer 24

Electrons prefer to occupy orbitals on their own and only pair up when there is no empty orbitals or the same energy is available

Question 25

What shape is an s orbital?

Answer 25

Circular shape

Question 26

What shape is a p orbital?

Answer 26

Dumbbell shape

Question 27

Maximum number of electrons s orbitals can hold?

Answer 27

2

Question 28

Maximum number of electrons p orbitals can hold?

Answer 28

6 electrons

Question 29

Maximum number of electrons d orbitals can hold?

Answer 29

10 electrons

Question 30

What are the basic processes of mass spectrometry?

Answer 30

The sample is vapourrised
The sample is ionised to form positive ions
The ions are accelerated
Heavy ions move slower
The ions are detected as a mass to charge ratio.
Each ion produces a signal- the larger the signal the greater the abundance

Question 31

What are the basic processes of mass spectrometry?

Answer 31

The sample is vapourrised
The sample is ionised to form positive ions
The ions are accelerated
Heavy ions move slower
The ions are detected as a mass to charge ratio.
Each ion produces a signal- the larger the signal the greater the abundance