Acids

Question 1

What are acids?

Answer 1

Proton donors

Question 2

What are bases?

Answer 2

Proton acceptors

Question 3

What happens when acids and bases react with water?

Answer 3

They form a reversible reaction

Question 4

What is an alkali?

Answer 4

A soluble base
They produce OH- ions when added to water

Question 5

What do acids produce when reacted with water?

Answer 5

H+

Question 6

Examples of weak acids?

Answer 6

Ethanoid acids and other carboxylic acids
Carboxylic acids are anything with COOH on the end

Question 7

Examples of strong acids?

Answer 7

HCL, H2SO4, HNO3

Question 8

Examples of strong bases?

Answer 8

NaOH and KOH

Question 9

Example of a weak base?

Answer 9

NH3

Question 10

What is a polyprotic acid?

Answer 10

An acid which can donate more than one proton

Question 11

Nitric acid is?

Answer 11

Monoprotic
1 mole of HNO3 will produce 1 mole of H+ ions

Question 12

What is H2SO4?

Answer 12

Diprotic
1 mole of H2SO4 will produce 2 moles of H+ ions

Question 13

What is H3PO4?

Answer 13

Triprotic
1 mole of H3PO4 will produce 3 moles of H+ ions

Question 14

What do acids react with bases to form?

Answer 14

Salts which are pH neutral

Question 15

How do acids react with bases to form salts which are pH neutral?

Answer 15

The H+ ions produced from acids react with OH- ions produced from alkalis- make water which is neutral

Question 16

How are the salts made from an acid and base reaction?

Answer 16

Salts are made from the metal from the base (or ammonium ion) and the non-metal (other than hydrogen)from the acid

Question 17

Why is ammonia different?

Answer 17

Ammonia does not produce OH- ions directly
It reacts with water first and accepts a proton to produce ammonium ions and OH- ions

Question 18

What does ammonia react with acids to make?

Answer 18

Ammonium salts but no water

Question 19

Metals reacting with acids?

Answer 19

React with metals and metal compounds to form salts which

Question 20

Metal + acid reaction?

Answer 20

Metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen

Question 21

Metal oxides + acid?

Answer 21

Metal oxide + acid -> salt + water

Question 22

Metal hydroxide + acid?

Answer 22

Metal hydroxide + acid -> salt + water

Question 23

Metal carbonates + acid?

Answer 23

Metal carbonate + acid -> salt + carbon dioxide + water

Question 24

What are titrations used for?

Answer 24

To work out the concentration of an acid or alkali

Question 25

Steps for titration?

Answer 25

Have acid/alkali in a burette with a known concentration
Have an acid/alkali with an unknown concentration but known volume in conical flask. Add a few drops of indicator too.
Add the chemical in the burette to the conical flask until the indicator changes colour. Add drop by drop near the end point

Question 26

Phenolphtalein in acid and alkali?

Answer 26

Acid- colourless
Alkali- pink

Question 27

Methyl orange in acid and alkali?

Answer 27

Acid- red
Alkali- yellow

Question 28

Making a standard solution?

Answer 28

1) weigh out the amount of solid precisely using a weighing boat
2) transfer the solid from the weighing boat to a beaker. Wash any solid left behind into the beaker using distilled water.
3) dissolve your solid fully using distilled water. Stir to ensure the solid is dissolved fully.
4) transfer the solution to a volumetric flask using a funnel to avoid spillage. Rinse the beaker and glassed rod into the flask to make sure most of the solution is transferred.
5) fill with distilled water to the graduation line. Use a pipette to to the line when you get near
6) invert the flask a few times to ensure the solution is thoroughly mixed and ready to use

Question 29

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Question 30

Definition of strong acid?

Answer 30

Fully ionises in water

Question 31

Definition of weak acid?

Answer 31

Only partially ionises in water