Haemophilus, Histophilus, Bordetella

Question 1

Haemophilus parasuis pathogenic feature

Answer 1

Polysaccharide capsule- interfere with phagocytosis and protects

Question 2

How is Haemophilus parasuis spread

Answer 2

**Normal flora of upper respiratory tract of pigs and after viral infection and endogenous spread to lower respiratory tract
Usually stress induced
Can also go septicemic

Question 3

Disease associated with Haemophilus parasuis

Answer 3

Pneumonia and then septicemia possible (Glasser’s Disease- excessive fibrin deposition in serous membranes and joints)

Coughing, joint swelling, poor growth, sudden death after convulsions

Could have co-infection with Pasteurella or Mycoplasma species

Question 4

How to Diagnose Haemophilus parasuis

Answer 4

Culture/PCR of infected sites

Question 5

Treatment/Prevention of Haemophilus parasuis

Answer 5

Antibiotics or vaccine and vaccinate against viral diseases too

Question 6

Where is Histophilus somni found

Answer 6

Normal flora in upper respiratory and urogenital tracts of ruminants

Question 7

Histophilus somni Disease is

Answer 7

Shipping Fever

Question 8

Histophilus somni Pathogenic feature

Answer 8

Antigenic variation- changes carbohydrate makeup of outer cell envelope to evade immune system
Binds to endothelial cells and induces death

Question 9

Histophilus somni Transmission

Answer 9

Endogenous spread from upper respiratory or distal urogenital tracts to deeper tissues
Usually stress induced

Question 10

Histophilus somni Disease symptoms

Answer 10

Pneumonia, Septicemia, Thrombotic meningoencephalitis, abortion

Question 11

Histophilus somni Diagnosis

Answer 11

Culture/PCR

Question 12

Histophilus somni Treatment

Answer 12

Antibiotic therapy

Question 13

Histophilus somni Prevention

Answer 13

Commercial vaccine available and viral vaccination important as well

Question 14

What infects the ciliated respiratory epithelium

Answer 14

Bordetella spp.

Question 15

Where are Bordetella spp. found

Answer 15

In nano-pharynx of healthy carrier animals

Question 16

How is Bordetella spp. spread

Answer 16

Inhalation from diseased or carrier animal or B. avium transmitted indirectly to poultry by exposure to contaminated litter and water

Question 17

Bordetella spp. pathogenic features

Answer 17

Dermonecrotic toxin- resorption of nasal turbinate bones and Tracheal cytotoxin which releases fragment of peptidoglycan which is very inflammatory and causes cytokine release to damage ciliated epithelial cells

Question 18

What disease does Bordetella bronchiseptica cause in dogs

Answer 18

Infectious Tracheobronchitis or Kennel Cough causing coughing and gagging and is often associated with viral respiratory diseases

Question 19

Bordetella bronchiseptica is common in

Answer 19

Young dogs

Question 20

Bordetella bronchiseptica has high and low what

Answer 20

High morbidity and low mortality- very contagious but doesn’t often kill or even need treatment

Question 21

Bordetella bronchiseptica Disease in cats

Answer 21

Milder than in dogs- sneezing, fever, nasal discharge, some coughing

Question 22

Bordetella bronchiseptica transmission in pigs

Answer 22

From carrier sow to piglet

Question 23

Bordetella bronchiseptica combines with what in pigs to cause what

Answer 23

Bordetella bronchiseptica Often has combined infection with Pasturella multocida to cause Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis- dermonecrotic toxin from Bordetella bronchiseptica and toxin from Pasturella causes resorption of nasal turbinate bones resulting in a facial deformity and making them predisposed to pneumonia

Question 24

Bordetella bronchiseptica Vaccine?

Answer 24

Yes for Dogs, Cats, & Swine

Question 25

Bordetella avium causes what

Answer 25

Turkey Coryza/ Bordetellosis= tracheobronchitis, sinusitis, and airsacculitis in young poultry and causes sneezing, coughing, open mouth breathing, impaired growth
High morbidity and low mortality

Question 26

Bordetella avium has vaccine?

Answer 26

Yes