Haemoparasites Flashcards
Feline Haemotrophic Mycoplasmas - bacteria
cell wall free bactera
acute haemolytic anaemia
3 types:
- m. haemofelis - most pathogenic
- candidatas m. haemimutum - asymptomatic or mild, anemia in immune compromised - most common
- candidata m. turicensis - least pathogenic
can get combination of the 3
Feline Haemotrophic Mycoplasmas - signs
related to severity of anaemia
weakness
lethargy
pale mm
intermittent fever
tachycardia
tachypnea
haemic murmurs
depression collapse
Feline Haemotrophic Mycoplasmas - pathology
regenerative anaemia
increased reticulocytes
mild haemolysis (hyperbilirubinemia)
extravascular hemolysis
positive coombs test and autoagglutination
Feline Haemotrophic Mycoplasmas - diagnosis
blood smear - cocci on surface of RBCs
PCR - bacterial DNA
Babesia Canis - Protozoa
tick borne
dermacentor reticulatus
invade RBCs –> differentiate and divide —> rupture cells
Babesia Canis - signs
hemolytic anaemia
fever
lethargy
anorexia
jaundice
vomiting
hemoglobinuria
systemic inflammation
chronic carrier status
Babesia Canis - pathology
regenerative anemia
intravascular destruction
autoantibody production
spherocytes
positive coombs test
thrombocytopenia and neutropenia
Babesia Canis - diagnosis
blood smear - large paired piriform organisms
PCR - protozoan DNA
Babesia Canis - diagnosis
blood smear - large paired piriform organisms
PCR - protozoan DNA
serology - ELISA, immunoflouresence - only indicates exposure
Canine Hepatozoonosis - protozoa
tick borne
rhipicephalus tick
eat tick - sporozoites penetrate intestinal epithelium
infect neutrophils
Canine Hepatozoonosis - signs
related to parasite burden
low burden - asymptomatic
higher burden - severe
secondary infection (neutropenia)
non-specific signs of infection
hyperglobinemia
hypoalbuminemia
non-regenerative anemia
neutrophilia
Canine Hepatozoonosis - diagnosis
blood smear - pale blue elliptical gamonts
buffy coat smear - increased with number of neutrophils
PCR
Heartworm - parasite
mosquito vector
nematode - dirofilaria immitis
3 stage lifecycle - microfilaria (blood), larvae (mosquito and tissue), adult (pulmonary artery and right atrium)
pass at L3
Heartworm - signs
caused by worms in pulmonary artery and ehart
mild - asymptomatic, cough
moderate - cough, exercise intolerance, abnormal lung sounds
severe - as above, plus dyspnea, abnormal heart sounds, enlarge liver, syncope, ascites, death
caval syndrome - sudden severe lethergy and weakness, hemoglobinuria, hemoglobinemia, acute cardiac emergency
cats - more resistant, usually asymptomatic
Heartworm - diagnosis
antigen detection - secreted by adult female
modified knott test
use both to confirm
Bovine Babesiosis - protozoa
tick borne
merozoites invade RBCs, multiply then burst out
Bovine Babesiosis - signs
related to severity of hemolysis
fever
depression
icterus
anorexia
tachycardia
tachypnea
pale mm
hemoglobinuria
reduced fertility
abortion
Bovine Babesiosis - diagnosis
blood smear - single or paired oval or pear shaped structures
PCR
Bovine Anaplasmosis - bacteria
tick borne - ixoeds
obligate intracellular bacteria
lives in neutrophils
Bovine Anaplasmosis - signs
immune suppression
abortion
milk drop
increases susceptibility to secondary infections
chronic infection
Bovine Anaplasmosis - diagnosis
blood smear - mulberry like cocci colonies
PCR
serology - ELISA - not routine
Equine Piroplasmosis - protozoa
thileria equii and babesia cabali
also tick borne
lives in RBCs, the ruptures them and releases into circulation
Equine Piroplasmosis - signs
acute, subacute and chronic types
acute -
hemolytic anemia
icterus
hemoglobinuria
thrombocytopenia
fever
inappetence
odema
death
chronic/carrier -
mild non-specific signs
anemia
lethargy
anorexia
weight loss
can still transmit
Equine Piroplasmosis - diagnosis
blood smear - pear shaped cabali, smaller ovoid equi in cross shapes
serology - cELISA, complement fixation test
PCR - available but false negatives
ELISA best from chronic, CFT for acute
