Haemolymphatic Flashcards
clinical signs associated with haemolymphatic system
enlarged lymph nodes
anemia
coagulopathies
oedema
cancer - metastases through lymphatics
haemolymphatic system
lymph nodes (not in birds)
bone marrow
spleen
liver
thymus
enlarged lymph nodes
3 types:
reactive hyperplasia - in response to infection elsewhere
inflammation/infection - lymphadentitis - infection of lymph node itself
neoplastic
diagnosis - FNA, biopsy
lymphoid atrophy
congenital immunodeficiencies
viral infections
cachexia/malnutrition
ageing
radiation and chemo
toxins
bone marrow histology
haematopoietic tissue - proliferative
pluripotent haemoatopoietic steam cells
iron
erythropoeisis
bone marrow biopsy indications
non-regenerative anemia
pancytopenia - anemia, low WBC, low platelets
persistant neutropenia
thrombocytopenia
suspicion of leukemia
suspicion of other bone marrow malignanvy
elevations in blood cell numbers
hypercalcemia
hyperproteinemia
feline pancytopenia
no haematopoeisis - bone marrow aplasia
death
linked to mould toxin on dry food
haemolymphatic infectious agents
anaplasma - tick borne - affects leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets
babesia - erythrocytes
theileia - east coat fever - lymphocytes and erythrocytes
ehrichia - leukocytes
mycoplasma - haemolytic anemia - erythrocytes
cytozoon - erythrocytes
leishmania - protozoa, infects macrophages
histoplasmosis - fungus, infects macrophages
lymphadentitis
infection of lymph nodes themselves
acute - purulent, pyogenic bacteria
chronic - intracellular or persistent bacteria
canine sterile granulomatous - puppy strangles
splenitis
primary - uncommon
secondary - caused by another disease process
leishmania, hepatazoon, tularaemia
lymphoid depletion in spleen
viral causes of immunodeficiency
parvo - rapidly dividing cells, can cause congenital issues
BVD - passed from dam to foetus
FIV
Feline Leukemia Virus
FIV
3 phases:
acute - replicated T-cells in lymph nodes, lymphomegaly and fever
asymptomatic - slow replication, lymphopenia and increased globulins
progressive - immuno compromised state, secondary infections, oncogenic
Feline Leukemia Virus
subtypes:
A - most contagious
B - associated with neoplasia/lymphoma
C - associated with non-regenerative anemia following bone marrow infection
oncogenic lymphoid viruses
retroviruses - insert copies of their RNA into host DNA
bovine leukaemia virus - notifiable
Avian leukosis
Lentiviruses - FeLV, FIV, Maedi-visna
FIV - increased chance of getting lymphoma (x5)
FeLV - increased chance of lymphoma (x60)
Diffusely enlarged spleen
congested (bloody) type - torsion, barbiturate euthanasia, acute hemolytic crises, african swine fever, septicemia
non-congested type (firm, meaty, blood going in but not coming out) - neoplasia, IMHA, chronic infection, chronic inflammation
Anthrax
sudden death
fever
tachycardia
tachypnoea
cyanotic mucosa
pigs - swelling of pharyngeal region and neck
African Swine Fever
peracute, acute, subacute and chronic forms
fever
erythema
dyspnoea
vomiting
chronic - abortion, lameness, pneumonia, wasting
enlarged friable spleen
lymph node haemorrhage
pulmonary and gall bladder oedema
Classical swine fever
peracute, acute, subacute and chronic forms
fever
vasculitis
infarction of ear tips
chronic - abortion, weight loss, poor reproductive performance, weak piglets
splenic infarction
lymph node haemorrhage
mucosal ulcers at ileocaecal junction
splenic masses
discrete single or multiple
old dogs
bloody or firm
can rupture - haemoabdomen
rarer in cars - mast cell tumour most common
benign - nodular hyperplasia, hemangioma, haematoma
indolent (doesn’t tend to metastasise)- marginal zone lymphoma
malignant - haemangiosarcoma, histiolytic sarcoma
histiocytic neoplasia
tumours of macrophages (histiocytes = sub group of macrophages)
benign - histiocytoma - skin, young dogs
malignant - histiocytic sarcoma - burmese mountain dogs, rottweilers, localised (around joint) or systemic (involving spleen)
malignant histiocytosis - weird reactive histiocytic syndrome in burmese mountain dogs
pulmonary langerhaans histiocytosis - cats
