H8 for pol Flashcards
B of Spurs
1513
Captured Tournai, captured + destroyed Therouanne
Gives H his mil glory- not a great battle, financial drain
30,000 troops- biggest army in fr since 100 year war
After Sp deserted, joins up w/ HRE. Max agrees to serve under him + sup 15,000 troops. Max is using him bc wants Burg
B of Flodden Field
1513
H8 away in Fr, Scot invade N of E bc Auld alliance
Defeated and J4 killed
Army lead by cath
At this point, H had some victories but had spent £960,000 & now stood alone
T of St Germain-en Laye
1514
Anglo- Fr
keep Tournai, pension from Fr. Mary marries Louie
T of Noyton
1516 Charles comes to throne in SP- doesn’t want war straight away- signs peace w/ Fr
T of Cambrai
1517
Max makes peace w/ Fr
E left isolated & humiliated
Scarisbrick ‘Laughing stock of Europe’
T of London
1518
F, Papacy, Sp, HRE, E: agree to non-agression + collective security. Over 24 countries sign- each come to eng
E the arbiter- trying to prolong peace + keep Sp + Fr
Why did the T of London fail?
1519- Max died- c1 = HRE + K of Sp upset bal of power, E can’t dictate, too powerful- doesn’t follow T of L
Field of Cloth & Gold
1520
F1 & H8 met at a huge feast + jousting tournament (little diplomatic value but continuation of peaceful rel)
show of wealth + power, cost a years income… cld argue intensified rivalry
T of Bruges
1521 C5 marry little Mary
also anglo-imperial alliance… not pop in eng didnt want war
three pronged attack
1523 Bourbon + C5… fails
10,000 men from eng, got within 50 miles of paris but bad weather
B of Pavia
1525
C5 continues + wins decisive battle
F1 captured + taken as prisoner
seems like perf timing- lay claim to Fr throne & share spoil
H8 wants to invade but no money… amicable grant
Rel w/ c5 souring- doesn’t want to share spoils with E- called off proposal w/ Mary
T of Madrid
1526
C5 made F1 sign humiliating treaty
F1 back in Fr- doesnt honour treaty & form L of Cognac against C5 (Fr + Italian states)
T of Westminster
1527
E + Fr
pro-F, anti-imperial pol
Sack of Rome
1527
Pope taken as prisoner= disaster for ENg, no chance of waging war on empire- H wants divorce, C5 cont papal pol
Trade embargo
1528
w/ Netherlands, doesn’t work… called off
T of Barcelona
1529 C5 + Pope, pope under c5, cant give divorce
P of Cambrai
1529 signed peace in Eur, E not involved… isolation!
L of Schmalkalden
talks began 1533 hence 10 articles 1536, wanted alliance
Fr + Sp war over Milan
1535/6
both sides knocking on eng door, neither got involved.
Fr + HRE claim- 1535 last leader of Milan died
T of Nice
1538
betwen c5 + Fr1- ended war
Excommunication
1538
worries over Fr/ Sp invasion of Eng- C5 sec head of Christendom- backed by pope- 1538 Eng = prot
Renewal of the auld alliance
1538
Fr + Scot
marriage of Marie of Guise + J4
Fr + C negotiation pact
1539
won’t negotiate seperately w/ eng
H8 = no allies
A of Six Articles
1539
to appease C5 + Pope
A of Cleves
1539
Oct- Cromwell made a treaty between H + D of Cleves (cath nut broken w/ rome) included deal to marry A of C
1540- H8 div A of C, fall of crom
Crom’s for pol no longer relevant due to:
1540- friendship w/Fr + Sp was dead, both sides in an alliance w/ Eng
1542- C + H agree on joint invasion of Fr - P2 was made D of Milan = war
1543 Fr alliance w/ Ottoman turks - H was at war w/ scot (B of Solway Moss) Anglo-imp alliance = convenient
Scotland
1538- H arranged to meet JV at York. H tried to advise on Scot church. Didn’t want to be dom by H8- didnt turn up
1538- renewed auld alliance + marriage of M of G, annoyed H
1542 H had to sec scot borders. Oct 1542 Norf led an ineffective raid of scot
B of Solway Moss
Nov 1542, Scots retaliated
J convinced Eng forces = weak, 10,000 scots defeated by 3000 eng.
Leaving Mary Stuart as heir to the throne (6 yrs old)
J distraught… M of G gives birth to a girl… J dies depressed
M of G = regent of scot
The Rough Wooing
1544
1543 T of Greenwich - Prince Ed + Mary= marry. End of year scots ref to agree to the treaty
1544 H tries to bully scot to give into eng demands.
In May E of Hertford destroyed large parts of Edinburgh + lowlands. Eng men to take Edin castle
M of G determined to not have ed + m married… wants fr prince
Rough wooing cont into reign of ed
Boulogne
1544
1542- C5 + H agree on joint invasion of fr
June 1544- H8 invaded Fr but ignored the plan to attack Paris, instead marched on + won Boulogne
H there directing pol
C5 felt let down- made peace w/ Fr
The Mary Rose
July 1545 Fr ships sailed into eng waters at ports’mth in an attempted invasion. 220 ships + 30,000 soldiers… due to weather + bad Fr org invasion failed but mary rose sunk
1546- T of Campe w/ Fr (signed after H ordered sec negs w/ both Fr + Sp) Eng keep Boulogne for 8 years. Fr buy it back £600k + pay annual pension of £35k
