Gynaecology - Ovarian Cancer (Mind Maps) Flashcards
1
Q
Cervical Cancer?
What is it?
A
Uncontrolled proliferation of cells lining the cervix:
- Squamous cell carcinoma (80%)
- Adenocarcinoma (20%)
Risk factors:
- HPV: types 16, 18 & 33
- HIV
- Multiple pregnancies
- Multiple sexual partners
- Early age of first intercourse
- Combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP)
- Inc age
- Low socioeconomic status
- smoking
2
Q
Cervical Cancer?
Symptoms?
A
Symptoms:
- Intermenstrual bleeding
- Post-coital bleeding
- Post-menopausal bleeding
- Abnormal vaginal discharge
- General symptoms of malignancy
Asymptomatic:
- Abnormalities picked up by ‘National Screening Programme’ 3 yrly 25-49/5 yrly 50-64
- Liquid-based cytology identifies:
- cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
- HPV
3
Q
Cervical Cancer?
Investigations?
A
Bloods:
- FBC, U&E, LFTs, TFTs
- Colcoscopy
- Biopsy of cervix
Radiology:
- MRI pelvis
Stage:
- Using ‘Federation Internationale de Gynecologie et d’Obstetrique (FIGO)
4
Q
Cervical Cancer?
Cervical Ectropian?
A
Cervical ectropion:
- (or cervical eversion) is a condition in which the cells from the ‘inside’ of the cervical canal,
- known as glandular cells (or columnar epithelium), are present on the ‘outside’ of the vaginal portion of the cervix.
- The cells on the ‘outside’ of the cervix are called squamous epithelial cells.
Causes:
Anything that increases oestrogen levels
- COCP
- Pregnancy
Symptoms:
- Post-coital bleeding
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding
- Bleeding on contact (eg colcoscopy)
Treatment:
- Ablative cold coagulation
5
Q
Cervical Cancer?
Treatment?
A
Treatment:
- Depends on FIGO stage
Conservative:
- Patient education
- Lifestyle advice/smoking cessation
- Prevention - HPV vac offered to girls of 12
Medical:
- Chemotherapy
- Radiotherapy
Surgery:
- Cone biopsy
- Hysterectomy
6
Q
Cervical Cancer?
Complications?
A
- Psychological implications
- Complications of chemo/radiotherapy
- Lymphodaema if nodes removed
- Fistula formation
- Metateses
- Death
