Gross Anatomy of the Paraalimentary Tract

Question 1

What kind of gland is the parotid?

Answer 1

serous –> digestive enzymes

Question 2

What is the primary enzyme in the parotid?

Answer 2

alpha amylase

Question 3

What nerve provides p/s innervation of parotid?

Answer 3

CN 9

Question 4

Does the facial nerve innervate any part of the parotid gland?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

What muscle does the submandibular sit next to?

Answer 5

mylohyoid

Question 6

What kind of glands are submandibular and sublingual?

Answer 6

mixed

Question 7

What nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual?

Answer 7

facial nerve

Question 8

Remnant of umbilical vein

Answer 8

round ligament of liver

Question 9

What are the anatomic lobes of the liver?

Answer 9

right and left (left is smaller), caudate, quadrate

Question 10

3 structures in the porta hepatis?

Answer 10

right and left hepatic bile ducts, proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein

Question 11

Into what structure do hepatic veins drain?

Answer 11

IVC

Question 12

What is the delivery point of nutrient rich blood to the liver?

Answer 12

hepatic portal vein

Question 13

Anatomic division of the liver

Answer 13

round ligament/falciform split liver into unequal left and right lobes –> caudate/quadrate are anatomically part of the right lobe

Question 14

What is the functional border of the liver?

Answer 14

plane through the IVC and gall bladder–> equal right and left lobes w/quadrate and caudate in left side of liver –> defined by bial drainage

Question 15

What percent of liver blood supply is provided by hepatic artery vs portal vein?

Answer 15

25 vs 75%

Question 16

What is the spiral valve?

Answer 16

regulates bile flow in the cystic duct in both directions

Question 17

Most commonly, the cystic artery is a branch of the _____ artery.

Answer 17

right hepatic

Question 18

In most individuals, what structures bound the triangle of Calot?

Answer 18

common hepatic duct, cystic artery, cystic duct

Question 19

3 anatomic parts of gall bladder

Answer 19

infundibulum (hartmann’s pouch), neck, body, fundus

Question 20

What is a common site of where gallstones lodge thereby compressing the cystic duct?

Answer 20

infundibulum

Question 21

4 anatomic parts of pancreas

Answer 21

secondary retroperitoneal: head, neck, body

intraperitoneal: tail

Question 22

Blood supply to head of pancreas

Answer 22

superior/inferior pancratico-duodenal arteries

Question 23

Blood supply to neck, body, tail of pancreas

Answer 23

splenic artery

Question 24

What structures sit between the two buds of the pancreas?

Answer 24

SMA, and SMV

Question 25

What two structures form the portal vein?

Answer 25

splenic vein, SMV (w/imv drainage)

Question 26

Dilation resulting from portal hypertension results in what three clinical features?

Answer 26

retrograde flow: esophageal varices, caput medusa, hemorrhoids

Question 27

4 sites of porto-caval anastomoses

Answer 27

esophageal, paraumbilical, rectal, retroperitoneal

Question 28

Blood supply to appendix

Answer 28

appendicular branch of ileocolic artery