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G.I & Nutrition > Gross Anatomy of the Alimentary Tract > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy of the Alimentary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

The only ectoderm lined portions of the gut tube.

A

oropharynx and lower end of anal canal

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2
Q

Point that marks division between foregut and midgut.

A

Entry point of bile duct into duodenum

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3
Q

Point that marks midgut/hindgut division.

A

Between proximal 2/3 and distal 1/3 of transverse colon.

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4
Q

P/S innervation of foregut

A

Vagus

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5
Q

P/S innervation of midgut

A

Vagus

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6
Q

P/S innervation of hindgut

A

Pelvic nerves S2-S4

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7
Q

S innervation of foregut

A

T5-T9

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8
Q

S innervation of midgut

A

T10-T12

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9
Q

S innervation of hindgut

A

L1-L3

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10
Q

Purpose of sympathetic innervation of gut

A

to divert blood supply away from gut in a flight/fight situation

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11
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic nerves to gut are long/short

A

long –> enteric ganglia are within walls of gut tube so postganglionic nerves are short

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12
Q

Thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves have collateral innervation provided by the ____

A

prevertebral ganglia

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13
Q

Postganglionic sympathetics reach the viscera via the _____

A

periarterial plexus

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14
Q

S fibers carry sensations of visceral pain back from the gut structures they innervate and refer them which dermatomes?

A

those dermatomes of the body wall that match the sympathetic innervation of the organ

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15
Q

T/F visceral pain is well localized

A

F –> referred pain so poorly localized

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16
Q

Secondary retroperitoneal viscera in abdomen

A

midgut portion of duodenum, pancreas (except tail), ascending colon, descending colon

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17
Q

3 synonyms for mesentery remnant

A

ligament, omentum, meso- (prefix)

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18
Q

3 constrictions of esophagus

A

cervical, thoracic (aortic arch and left atrium/left mainstem bronchus), diaphragmatic

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19
Q

Spinal level of cervical constriction of esophagus

A

C6

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20
Q

Spinal level of thoracic constriction of esophagus

A

T4

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21
Q

Spinal level of diaphragmatic constriction of esophagus

A

T11

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22
Q

The esophagus begins at what spinal level?

A

C6 –> also junction between larynx and trachea

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23
Q

Which muscle acts as a sphincter regulating movement of food/fluid into esophagus

A

cricopharyngeus

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24
Q

The esophagus crosses the level of the diaphragm at what spinal level?

A

T10

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25
Q

Muscle mix of upper 5% of esophagus

A

voluntary skeletal muscle

26
Q

Muscle mix of middle 45% of esophagus

A

mixture of skeletal and smooth muscle (mostly smooth)

27
Q

Muscle mix of distal 50% of esophagus

A

involuntary smooth muscle

28
Q

Innervation of esophagus

A

Vagus –> both skeletal and smooth muscle

29
Q

Three glandular divisions of stomach

A

cardiac, fundus, pyloric

30
Q

4 anatomic divisions of stomach

A

cardiac, fundus, body, pylorus

31
Q

Muscle of the inside of the stomach

A

rugae

32
Q

The opening to the omental bursa/lesser sac is called the _____

A

epiploic foramen

33
Q

Importance of epiploic foramen

A

transit point of vasculature, venous drainage, and biliary apparatus of gut to/from liver

34
Q

Area of stomach between pyloric canal and body of stomach

A

pyloric antrum

35
Q

Point that marks the distinction between pyloric canal and pyloric antrum.

A

Angular incisure/notch

36
Q

Muscles of stomach

A

Outer longitudinal, middle circular, innermost oblique –> vs. most viscera which has only two muscle layers (eg. esophagus has outer longitudinal and inner circular)

37
Q

Type of cells lining esophagus

A

stratified squamous

38
Q

Type of cells lining stomach

A

simple columnar

39
Q

Histologic point where squamous cells of esophagus give way to columnar cells of stomach

A

Z line @ level of T11

40
Q

3 branches of celiac trunk

A

common hepatic, splenic, left gastric

41
Q

Spinal level of celiac trunk

A

T12-L1

42
Q

Spinal level of SMA

A

L1

43
Q

Spinal level of IMA

A

L3

44
Q

Dual blood supply of lesser curvature of stomach

A

L and R gastric arteries (from celiac trunk and proper hepatic arteries respectively)

45
Q

Dual blood supply of greater curvature of stomach

A

L and R gastroepiploic arteries (from splenic and gastroduodenal [from common hepatic] arteries respectively)

46
Q

Course of gastroduodenal artery and clinical correlate

A

arises from common hepatic and descends down posterior to first part of duodenum –> put at risk by ulcers of posterior duodenal wall

47
Q

Blood supply of fundus of stomach

A

short gastric arteries (from splenic)

48
Q

Innervation of stomach

A

vagus nerves: anterior vagal trunk/anterior esophageal plexus (previously L vagus) and posterior vagal trunk/posterior esophageal plexus (previously R vagus)

49
Q

Portion of duodenum that is foregut

A

parts 1 and half of 2 prior to entrance of bile duct

50
Q

Bile and pancreatic secretions drain into the 2nd part of the duodenum at the _____

A

major duodenal papilla

51
Q

Plicae circulares

A

mucosal surface of jejunum have an array of circular folds vs smooth mucosal surface of ileum

52
Q

Simple arcades, long vasa recta

A

jejunum

53
Q

Complex arcades, short vasa recta

A

ileum

54
Q

Strips of longitudinal muscle of large bowel

A

3 taenia coli

55
Q

Outpocketings of large bowel

A

haustrations

56
Q

Omental/epiploic appendages

A

Fat droplets that emanate from taenia coli

57
Q

3 main branches of SMA

A

iliocolic, right colic, middle colic

58
Q

Collateral blood supply of large bowel

A

marginal artery

59
Q

3 main branches of IMA

A

left colic, sigmoidal, suprior rectal

60
Q

Area of large bowel that is particularly vulnerable to ischemia

A

juncture of mid/hindgut where IMA and SMA branches anastamose

61
Q

Internal anal sphincter is under voluntary/involuntary control

A

voluntary

G.I & Nutrition (43 decks)

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