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Gross Anatomy Flashcards

Fetal Pig Anatomy

1
Q

what does the digestive system do ?

A

digests food, absorbs nutrients, pass waste

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2
Q

proper order of food traveling through digestive system ?

A

1) oral cavity
2) esophagus
3) stomach
4) small intestine
5) large intestine (colon)
6) sigmoid colon
7) rectum
8) anus

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3
Q

organs involved w/ the digestive system ? (11)

A
  • oral cavity
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small / large intestine
  • sigmoid colon
  • rectum
  • anus
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • pancreas
  • spleen
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4
Q

what are sphincters and where are they ?

A

they open and close to allow passage of fluids / foods
- between esophagus / stomach
- between stomach / small intestine

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5
Q

where does mechanical digestion take place ?

A

in the mouth
- chewing

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6
Q

where does chemical digestion take place ?

A

in the stomach / mouth
- mouth’s saliva
- chemical digestive enzymes

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7
Q

esophogus

A

connects the mouth to the stomach
- push food down via peristalsis

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8
Q

where is the esophagus in a fetal pig ?

A

to the right of the trachea
- on left side of body

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9
Q

stomach

A

holds food temporarily
- chemical digestion

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10
Q

small intestine

A

majority of food absorption
- site of hydrolysis

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11
Q

large intestine (colon)

A

reabsorbs most of water
- formation of feces

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12
Q

sigmoid colon

A

end of the large intestine

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13
Q

passage way of feces ?

A

1) form in large intestine
2) sigmoid colon
3) rectum
4) anus

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14
Q

liver

A

filters blood & bile / cholesterol production
- contains gallbladder

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15
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile made by liver

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16
Q

pancreas

A

produce digestive / pancreatic juices / insulin
- aid in chemical digestion

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17
Q

insulin

A

helps regulate blood sugar

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18
Q

spleen

A

recycles RBC / stores WBC & platelets
- produces antibodies

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19
Q

what body systems is the spleen apart of ?

A

lymphatic
- technically only AIDS digestive; not actually apart of it

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20
Q

epiglottis

A

flap closes over trachea while eating
- prevents aspiration (choking)

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21
Q

thymus

A

produce WBC / immune cells
- fight infections

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22
Q

where is the thymus located ?

A

on either side of the thyroid gland
- around the middle of the neck
- below larynx

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23
Q

what system is the thymus apart of ?

A

immune system

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24
Q

thyroid gland

A

produce hormones for development / regulate metabolism

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25
where it the thyroid located ?
in the middle of the thymus glands - bean shaped - below larynx
26
what system is the thyroid gland apart of ?
endocrine system
27
larynx
produce sound - voice box
28
where is the larynx ?
connected to and above the trachea
29
trachea
carry air in / out of lungs
30
where is the trachea in a fetal pig ?
- connected to and below the larynx - to the left of the esophagus
31
difference between the trachea and esophagus ?
trachea is bigger and has horizontal banding
32
diaphragm
separates pleural / pericardial cavity from abdominal cavity - contraction forces air into the lungs
33
where is the diaphragm located ?
below the lungs
34
pleural / pericardial cavity
upper torso - contains heart / lungs
35
abdominal cavity
lower torso - contains stomach, liver, pancreas, etc.
36
lungs
breathing - exchange of O2 / CO2
37
what part of the lungs physically does the exchange of O2 / CO2 ?
capillaries of the blood vessels
38
where are the lungs located ?
each side of the heart
39
left lung has how many lobes ?
2 lobes; - superior lobe - inferior lobe
40
right lung has how many lobes ?
3 lobes; - superior lobe - middle lobe - inferior lobe
41
where does O2 / CO2 exchange occur ?
in the alveoli of the lungs
42
heart
pumps blood throughout the body - blood carries nutrients / O2 / CO2 / waste
43
four heart chambers of the heart ?
- right atrium - right ventricle - left atrium - left ventricle
44
what separates the atria from the ventricles within the heart ?
atrioventricular valves
45
what parts of the heart accept blood coming back to the heart ?
right / left atria
46
what parts of the heart is the blood leaving the heart ?
right / left ventricles
47
what side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood ?
right side
48
what side of the heart contains oxygenated blood ?
left side
49
the right side of the heart contains which valve ?
tricuspid valve
50
the left side of the heart contains which valve ?
bicuspid / mitral valve
51
what separates the aorta / pulmonary trunk from the ventricles ?
aortic / pulmonary SEMILUNAR valves
52
right / left coronary arteries
most prominent right / left arteries on the heart - deliver blood to heart - originate from aorta - oxygenated blood
53
aorta
connected to the left ventricle; - flow of blood to the body tissue - oxygenated blood
54
right / left pulmonary arteries
connected to right ventricle; - flow of blood to the lungs - deoxygenated blood - contains pulmonary trunk
55
right / left pulmonary veins
connected to the left atrium; - brings blood from lungs to heart - oxygenated blood
56
right / left carotid arteries
on right / left side of neck - provide blood to brain - oxygenated blood
57
superior / cranial & inferior / caudal vena cavae
connects to right atrium; - brings back blood from body - deoxygenated blood
58
what parts of the circulatory system contain deoxygenated blood ?
- superior / cranial & inferior / caudal vena cavae - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary semilunar valve - pulmonary arteries
59
what parts of the circulatory contain oxygenated blood ?
- pulmonary veins - left atrium - bicuspid / mitral valve - left ventricle - aortic semilunar valve - aorta
60
right / left kidneys
filters blood / produces urine - contains adrenal glands
61
right / left adrenal glands
help regulate metabolism, blood pressure, produce hormones - on top portion of kidneys
62
right / left ureters
carries urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
63
urinary bladder
temporary storage of urine
64
urethra
where urine exits the urinary bladder
65
where is the urinary bladder in a fetal pig ?
between the two umbilical arteries
66
right / left testes
contain seminiferous tubules; - produce sperm in seminiferous tubules - produce testosterone
67
right / left epididymides
tightly coiled tubules surrounding testes - store sperm before they enter the vas deferences
68
right / left vas deferences
tube that carries sperm to the urethra - connects testes to ejaculatory ducts
69
right / left ejaculatory ducts
area where sperm is delivered to urethra
70
where is the ejaculatory duct located ?
in portion of urethra surrounded by prostate
71
prostate gland
add fluids to sperms (seminal fluids) - muscles in prostate ensure forceful expelling of sperm out urethra
72
where is the prostate gland located ?
- right below the bladder - encompassing the ejaculatory duct / urethra
73
right / left seminal vesicles
stores / produces majority of seminal fluids
74
where are the seminal vesicles located ?
- vertical bulb behind the prostate - connected to the ejaculatory duct
75
seminal fluids vs. sperm
seminal fluids protect sperm - sperm is male sex gamete for fertilization
76
bulbourethral / cowper's gland
lubricate urethra before semen ejaculation - urine is acidic, needed to ensure sperm in semen don't die
77
where it the bulbourethral / cowper's gland located ?
- under prostate gland - behind urethra
78
penis
urogenital opening where fluids are excreted - contains erectile tissue
79
vagina
opening in the body leading to the uterus - birth canal
80
uterus
where fertilized egg implants and grows
81
cervix
opening of the uterus into the vagina - allows passing of fluids
82
fimbriae
catch eggs released by ovaries during ovulation - pushes eggs into oviducts for fertilization - finger like projections
83
right / left oviducts
(fallopian / uterine tubes) where fertilization happens; - two of them connected to uterus on left / right
84
right / left ovaries
contain all developed eggs - produce estrogen / progesterone

BIO110 (12 decks)

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