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BIO110 > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

the sheet paper thing

1
Q

3 domains of life

A
  • bacteria
  • archaea
  • eukarya
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2
Q

eukarya kingdoms (4)

A
  • fungi
  • plants
  • animal
  • protists
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3
Q

what is the difference between bacteria and archaea compared to eukarya ?

A

they are prokaryotes
- do not have membrane bound organelles
- protists only eukarya exception

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4
Q

difference between independent / dependent variable ?

A

independent = x-axis
- what is being intentionally changed
dependent = y-axis
- independent influences dependent outcome

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5
Q

difference between continuous vs. discrete data ?

A

continuous = line graph
- infinite # of points
discrete = bar graph
- different labeled sections, order doesn’t matter

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6
Q

what is an experimental control ?

A

what is being held constant through out the entire experiment
- room temp, environment, etc.

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7
Q

correlation vs. causation

A

correlation doesn’t ALWAYS = causation
- need to rule out other extraneous factors that can influence causation
- health, socioeconomic status, etc.

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8
Q

process of evolution by natural selection

A

organisms evolve in order to avoid natural selection
- traits more suited for environment = higher fitness
- traits less suited for environment = higher chance of dying / victim of natural selection

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9
Q

fitness of an organism

A

higher fitness = higher chance of pass on traits

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10
Q

what is an element ?

A

pure substance that has no additives
- only hydrogen (H), only carbon (C)

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11
Q

what is a compound ?

A

substance made up of 2 or more elements
- O2, O=O, oxygen; H2O, H-O-H, water

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12
Q

what is an atom ?

A

basic unit of all chemical stuff
- makes up all substances

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13
Q

valence electrons

A

electrons on the outermost shell of an atom

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14
Q

electrons

A

negative charge
- found in electron cloud
- minuscule / no mass

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15
Q

protons

A

positive charge
- found in nucleus

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16
Q

neutrons

A

neutral charge
- found in nucleus

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17
Q

atomic mass of an atom

A

sum of protons and neutrons

18
Q

atomic charge

A

sum of protons and electrons

19
Q

what are isotopes ?

A

same element but w/ different # of neutrons
- same element w/ different atomic mass
- C-13 vs. C-14

20
Q

what are isomers ?

A

same chemical formula (compound) but different chemical structure
- compound / element is in different spot when compared to each other

21
Q

amino group

A

-NH2
polar

22
Q

phosphate group

A

-PO4(-2)
polar

23
Q

electronegativity

A

high negativity, a stronger pull for electrons in compounds
- O, N

24
Q

partial negative vs. partial positive

A

partial negative = stronger electronegative element (O, N)
partial positive = weaker electronegative element
- H2O; O = partial negative, H2 = partial positive

25
Q

polar compound

A

compound that has partial positive and partial negative elements
- H2O

26
Q

non-polar compound

A

compound that is sharing electrons equally
- no partial positive / partial negative

27
Q

hydrogen bond

A

weak bonds on there own
- bond between H of one compound to O of another compound

28
Q

covalent bond

A

sharing electrons
- polar covalent = electronegative forces
- nonpolar covalent = sharing equally

29
Q

ionic bond

A

transferring electrons
- fulfill valance shell of both elements
one giving electron = positive (Na+)
one gaining electron = negative (Cl-)
(Na+Cl-)

30
Q

dehydration reaction

A

removing water to combine monomers

31
Q

hydrolysis

A

adding water to sever bond between polymers

32
Q

ion

A

positive / negative charged atom

33
Q

4 macromolecules

A

all polymers
- nucleic acids
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- lipids

34
Q

monomer of nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

35
Q

monomer of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides (glucose, etc.)

36
Q

monomer of proteins

A

amino acids

37
Q

monomer of lipids

A

phospholipids, triglycerides, steroids

38
Q

phospholipid parts

A

glycerol head = hydrophilic
fatty acid tails = hydrophobic

39
Q

what is an organic compound ?

A

a compound that contains 1 or more carbons (C)

40
Q

pH scale

A

0 - 14 scale dependent on acidity
extremely acidic —> extremely basic
pH 7 = neutral (water)

41
Q

how much does pH change between pH levels ?

A

one digit change (pH 4 —> 5) is an 10

42
Q

buffer

A

solution that resists changes in pH if acidic or basic solution is added

BIO110 (12 decks)

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