Chapter 1

Question 1

characteristics of life

Answer 1

• structure
• reproduction
• growth and development
• responses to environment
• take in / exert energy
• evolutionary adaption

Question 2

cells

Answer 2

structural unit of life

Question 3

domain

Answer 3

taxonomy category above kingdom (archaea, bacteria, eukarya)

Question 4

domain bacteria

Answer 4

bacteria

Question 5

domain archaea

Answer 5

archaea (extreme environments)

Question 6

domain eukarya

Answer 6

protists, plantae, fungi, animalia

Question 7

eukarya

Answer 7

generally membrane bound organelles (multicellular)

Question 8

bacteria archaea & majority protists

Answer 8

microscopic simple cell (unicellular)

Question 9

kingdom plantae

Answer 9

plants; photosynthetic energy

Question 10

kingdom fungi

Answer 10

mushrooms; decompose organic waste and recycle it

Question 11

kingdom animalia

Answer 11

animals; energy from eating other organisms

Question 12

science

Answer 12

approach to understanding world from variable evidence

Question 13

data

Answer 13

recorded observations

Question 14

quantitative data

Answer 14

generally numerical measurements

Question 15

qualitative measurements

Answer 15

generally recorded descriptions

Question 16

hypothesis

Answer 16

testable explanation for observations on data

Question 17

experiment

Answer 17

scientific test under controlled conditions, only one factor manually changes

Question 18

theory

Answer 18

accepted idea in scope of hypothesis and supported by large evidence

Question 19

independent variable

Answer 19

factor manipulated by researcher

Question 20

dependent variable

Answer 20

outcome based off independent variable

Question 21

controlled experiment

Answer 21

where experimental group is compared to control

Question 22

clinical trials / studies

Answer 22

controlled experiments involving humans

Question 23

random selection

Answer 23

participants are randomly selected for control or experimental group

Question 24

retrospective study

Answer 24

use existing PAST data to figure out outcome (interviews, medical records, death certificates, etc.)

Question 25

prospective study

Answer 25

researchers control experiment from the beginning and collect data over time

Question 26

cohort

Answer 26

controlled group of participants

Question 27

observational study

Answer 27

limited to only viewing and observing; correlation factor and outcome does not equal causation

Question 28

evolution

Answer 28

generation to generation w modification

Question 29

darwin's theory

Answer 29

species living today are different from their ancestors

Question 30

natural selection

Answer 30

certain inherited traits more likely to survive / reproduce over others

Question 31

individual variation

Answer 31

populations vary in traits; majority are heritable

Question 32

overproduction of offspring

Answer 32

more offspring and organisms than environment can support leading to competition

Question 33

unequal reproductive success

Answer 33

inherited traits best suited for environment more likely to reproduce and get passed on to next generation

Question 34

accumulation of favorable traits

Answer 34

higher proportion of advantageous traits over time