Grip Flashcards

1
Q

Grip: Stage 1

A

Hand opens fully, which requires activation of the wrist and finger extensor musculature as well as the hand intrinsics

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2
Q

Grip: Stage 2

A

The fingers position around the object and close to grasp the object, which requires activation of the finger flexor musculature as well as the hand intrinsics

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3
Q

Grip: Stage 3

A

The force of the grasp is modified based on the shape, weight, fragility, and surface characteristics of the object

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4
Q

Grip: Stage 4

A

The object is released by opening the hand, which again requires activation of the extensor musculature

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5
Q

Power Grip

A

Used when a strong or forceful grip is needed and involves stabilization of the object against the palm of the hand.
-Fingers are in flexion and the wrist is in ulnar deviation and slight extension.

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6
Q

Cylindrical Grasp

A
  • Power Grip
  • The entire hand wraps around an object with the thumb on one side and the four fingers on the opposite side of the object
  • E.g., holding a soda can
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7
Q

Fist Grasp

A
  • Power Grip
  • Similar to Cylindrical Grasp but involves grasping around a narrower object so that the thumb and fingers overlap.
  • E.g., holding a hammer
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8
Q

Spherical Grasp

A
  • Power Grip
  • The entire hand wraps around a spherical object
  • Differs from cylindrical grasp in that the fingers are separated and there is a greater amount of thumb opposition
  • E.g., a baseball
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9
Q

Hook Grasp

A
  • Power Grip
  • Use of the 2nd and 3rd interphalangeal joints (though it can involve all 4 fingers) to create a hook to hold an object
  • Controlled by the forearm flexors and extensors
  • E.g., carrying a pail
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10
Q

Precision grip (aka prehension grip)

A
  • Used when accurate and precise movements of the hand are needed.
  • Involves the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints on the radial side of the hand
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11
Q

Three-fingered Pinch (aka digital prehension grip)

A
  • Characterized by pulp-to-pulp contact between thumb, index and middle fingers.
  • E.g., holding a pencil
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12
Q

Lateral Prehension Grip

A
  • Characterized by contact between the thumb and lateral side of the index finger
  • E.g., using a key
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13
Q

Tip Pinch (aka tip prehension grip)

A
  • Characterized by thumb opposition so that the tip of the thumb contacts the tip of another finger.
  • E.g., holding a needle
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14
Q

Handheld Dynamometer

A
  • Can be used to assess the grip strength of a patient.

- A patient’s dominant grip strength is 5-10 lbs. greater than the non-dominant grip strength

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15
Q

Isometric Dynamometry

A

Measures static strength of a muscle group without any movement

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16
Q

Isokinetic Dynamometry

A

Measures the strength of a muscle group during a movement with constant, predetermined speed

17
Q

Make Test

A

Evaluation procedure where a patient is asked to apply a force against the dynamometer

18
Q

Break Test

A

Evaluation procedure where a patient is asked to hold a contraction against pressure that is applied in the opposite direction of the contraction