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PTA Musculoskeletal > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

Standard and Rancho Los Amigos

1
Q

Stance Phase

A

60% of gait cycle

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2
Q

Swing Phase

A

40% of gait cycle

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3
Q

Hip Flexion ROM

A

0-30

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4
Q

Hip Extension ROM

A

0-10

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5
Q

Knee Flexion ROM

A

0-60

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6
Q

Knee Extension ROM

A

0

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7
Q

Ankle Dorsiflexion

A

0-10

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8
Q

Ankle Plantar Flexion

A

0-20

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9
Q

Standard Terminology: Stance Phase

A

1) Heel Strike
2) Foot Flat
3) Midstance
4) Heel off
5) Toe off

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10
Q

Rancho Los Amigos Terminology: Stance Phase

A

1) Initial Contact
2) Loading Response
3) Midstance
4) Terminal Stance
5) Pre-swing

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11
Q

Standard Terminology: Swing Phase

A

1) Acceleration
2) Midswing
3) Deceleration

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12
Q

Rancho Los Amigos Terminology: Swing Phase

A

1) Initial Swing
2) Midswing
3) Terminal Swing

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13
Q

Standard: Heel Strike

A

The instant the heel touches the ground to begin stance phase

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14
Q

Standard: Foot Flat

A

The point in which the entire foot makes contact with the ground. Should occur directly after heel strike

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15
Q

Standard: Midstance

A

The point during the stance phase when the entire body weight is directly over the stance limb

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16
Q

Standard: Heel Off

A

The heel of the stance limb leaves the ground

17
Q

Standard: Toe Off

A

The point in which only the toe of the stance limb remains on the ground

18
Q

Standard: Acceleration

A

Begins when Toe off is complete and the reference limb swing until positioned directly under the body

19
Q

Standard: Midswing

A

The swing limb is directly under the body

20
Q

Standard: Deceleration

A

Begins directly after midswing, as the swing limb begins to extend, and ends just prior to heel strike

21
Q

Rancho: Initial Contact

A

The beginning of stance phase that occurs when the foot touches the ground

22
Q

Rancho: Loading Response

A

Corresponds to the amount of time between initial contact and the beginning of the swing phase for the other leg

23
Q

Rancho: Midstance

A

The point in stance phase when the other foot is off the floor until the body is directly over the stance limb

24
Q

Rancho: Terminal Stance

A

Begins when the heel of the stance limb rises and ends when the other foot touches the ground

25
Q

Rancho: Pre-swing

A

Begins when the other foot touches the ground and ends when the stance foot reaches toe off

26
Q

Rancho: Initial Swing

A

Begins when the stance foot lifts from the floor and ends with maximal knee flexion during swing

27
Q

Rancho: Midswing

A

Begins with maximal knee flexion during swing and ends when the tibia is perpendicular with the ground

28
Q

Rancho: Terminal Swing

A

Begins when the tibia is perpendicular to the floor and ends when the foot touches the ground

29
Q

Muscle Activity: Initial Contact

A
  • Ankle Dorsiflexors
  • Quads contract to place knee in extension
  • Hamstrings help stabilize knee and prevent hyperextension
  • Hip Extensors and abductors contract to stabilize trunk and pelvis over the leg
30
Q

Muscle Activity: Loading Response

A
  • Ankle Dorsiflexors act eccentrically to lower foot
  • Quads contract eccentrically to control knee flexion
  • Latter portion of this phase, plantar flexors eccentrically control dorsiflexion as tibia moves over the foot
  • Tibialis Posterior eccentrically controls pronation of foot
  • Quads contraction becomes concentric to draw femur over the tibia
  • Throughout loading response phase, hip extensors contract concentrically to produce hip extension
31
Q

Muscle Activity: Midstance

A
  • Plantar Flexors act eccentrically
  • Quads contract concentrically to produce closed chain knee extension
    • Knee musculature activity is minimal in this phase*
  • Hip Abductors stabilize the pelvis and prevent contralateral hip drop
  • Iliopsoas begins to contract eccentrically to control hip flexion
32
Q

Muscle Activity: Terminal Stance

A
  • Plantar Flexors work concentrically
  • Knee muscle activity remains minimal
  • Hip Abductors continue to stabilize
  • Iliopsoas slows rate of hip extension
33
Q

Muscle Activity: Pre-swing

A
  • Plantar flexors at peak activity
  • Hamstrings begin to produce knee flexion
  • Iliopsoas and other hip flexors work concentrically to produce hip flexion
34
Q

Muscle Activity: Initial Swing

A
  • Ankle dorsiflexors contract concentrically
  • Hamstrings assist with foot clearance by flexing knee
  • Hip flexors continue to produce hip flexion
35
Q

Muscle Activity: Midswing

A
  • Ankle dorsiflexors contract concentrically

- Knee and hip muscle activity are minimal during this phase since momentum allows for advancement of the limb

36
Q

Muscle Activity: Terminal Swing

A
  • Dorsiflexors contract concentrically
  • Ankle invertors contract concentrically
  • Quads contract concentrically
  • Hamstrings act Eccentrically
  • Hip Extensors eccentrically slow the rate of hip flexion and prepare limb for initial contact

PTA Musculoskeletal (28 decks)

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