Gait

Question 1

Stance Phase

Answer 1

60% of gait cycle

Question 2

Swing Phase

Answer 2

40% of gait cycle

Question 3

Hip Flexion ROM

Answer 3

0-30

Question 4

Hip Extension ROM

Answer 4

0-10

Question 5

Knee Flexion ROM

Answer 5

0-60

Question 6

Knee Extension ROM

Answer 6

0

Question 7

Ankle Dorsiflexion

Answer 7

0-10

Question 8

Ankle Plantar Flexion

Answer 8

0-20

Question 9

Standard Terminology: Stance Phase

Answer 9

1) Heel Strike
2) Foot Flat
3) Midstance
4) Heel off
5) Toe off

Question 10

Rancho Los Amigos Terminology: Stance Phase

Answer 10

1) Initial Contact
2) Loading Response
3) Midstance
4) Terminal Stance
5) Pre-swing

Question 11

Standard Terminology: Swing Phase

Answer 11

1) Acceleration
2) Midswing
3) Deceleration

Question 12

Rancho Los Amigos Terminology: Swing Phase

Answer 12

1) Initial Swing
2) Midswing
3) Terminal Swing

Question 13

Standard: Heel Strike

Answer 13

The instant the heel touches the ground to begin stance phase

Question 14

Standard: Foot Flat

Answer 14

The point in which the entire foot makes contact with the ground. Should occur directly after heel strike

Question 15

Standard: Midstance

Answer 15

The point during the stance phase when the entire body weight is directly over the stance limb

Question 16

Standard: Heel Off

Answer 16

The heel of the stance limb leaves the ground

Question 17

Standard: Toe Off

Answer 17

The point in which only the toe of the stance limb remains on the ground

Question 18

Standard: Acceleration

Answer 18

Begins when Toe off is complete and the reference limb swing until positioned directly under the body

Question 19

Standard: Midswing

Answer 19

The swing limb is directly under the body

Question 20

Standard: Deceleration

Answer 20

Begins directly after midswing, as the swing limb begins to extend, and ends just prior to heel strike

Question 21

Rancho: Initial Contact

Answer 21

The beginning of stance phase that occurs when the foot touches the ground

Question 22

Rancho: Loading Response

Answer 22

Corresponds to the amount of time between initial contact and the beginning of the swing phase for the other leg

Question 23

Rancho: Midstance

Answer 23

The point in stance phase when the other foot is off the floor until the body is directly over the stance limb

Question 24

Rancho: Terminal Stance

Answer 24

Begins when the heel of the stance limb rises and ends when the other foot touches the ground

Question 25

Rancho: Pre-swing

Answer 25

Begins when the other foot touches the ground and ends when the stance foot reaches toe off

Question 26

Rancho: Initial Swing

Answer 26

Begins when the stance foot lifts from the floor and ends with maximal knee flexion during swing

Question 27

Rancho: Midswing

Answer 27

Begins with maximal knee flexion during swing and ends when the tibia is perpendicular with the ground

Question 28

Rancho: Terminal Swing

Answer 28

Begins when the tibia is perpendicular to the floor and ends when the foot touches the ground

Question 29

Muscle Activity: Initial Contact

Answer 29

- Ankle Dorsiflexors - Quads contract to place knee in extension - Hamstrings help stabilize knee and prevent hyperextension - Hip Extensors and abductors contract to stabilize trunk and pelvis over the leg

Question 30

Muscle Activity: Loading Response

Answer 30

- Ankle Dorsiflexors act eccentrically to lower foot - Quads contract eccentrically to control knee flexion - Latter portion of this phase, plantar flexors eccentrically control dorsiflexion as tibia moves over the foot - Tibialis Posterior eccentrically controls pronation of foot - Quads contraction becomes concentric to draw femur over the tibia - Throughout loading response phase, hip extensors contract concentrically to produce hip extension

Question 31

Muscle Activity: Midstance

Answer 31

- Plantar Flexors act eccentrically - Quads contract concentrically to produce closed chain knee extension * Knee musculature activity is minimal in this phase* - Hip Abductors stabilize the pelvis and prevent contralateral hip drop - Iliopsoas begins to contract eccentrically to control hip flexion

Question 32

Muscle Activity: Terminal Stance

Answer 32

- Plantar Flexors work concentrically - Knee muscle activity remains minimal - Hip Abductors continue to stabilize - Iliopsoas slows rate of hip extension

Question 33

Muscle Activity: Pre-swing

Answer 33

- Plantar flexors at peak activity - Hamstrings begin to produce knee flexion - Iliopsoas and other hip flexors work concentrically to produce hip flexion

Question 34

Muscle Activity: Initial Swing

Answer 34

- Ankle dorsiflexors contract concentrically - Hamstrings assist with foot clearance by flexing knee - Hip flexors continue to produce hip flexion

Question 35

Muscle Activity: Midswing

Answer 35

- Ankle dorsiflexors contract concentrically | - Knee and hip muscle activity are minimal during this phase since momentum allows for advancement of the limb

Question 36

Muscle Activity: Terminal Swing

Answer 36

- Dorsiflexors contract concentrically - Ankle invertors contract concentrically - Quads contract concentrically - Hamstrings act Eccentrically - Hip Extensors eccentrically slow the rate of hip flexion and prepare limb for initial contact