Gait Flashcards
Standard and Rancho Los Amigos
Stance Phase
60% of gait cycle
Swing Phase
40% of gait cycle
Hip Flexion ROM
0-30
Hip Extension ROM
0-10
Knee Flexion ROM
0-60
Knee Extension ROM
0
Ankle Dorsiflexion
0-10
Ankle Plantar Flexion
0-20
Standard Terminology: Stance Phase
1) Heel Strike
2) Foot Flat
3) Midstance
4) Heel off
5) Toe off
Rancho Los Amigos Terminology: Stance Phase
1) Initial Contact
2) Loading Response
3) Midstance
4) Terminal Stance
5) Pre-swing
Standard Terminology: Swing Phase
1) Acceleration
2) Midswing
3) Deceleration
Rancho Los Amigos Terminology: Swing Phase
1) Initial Swing
2) Midswing
3) Terminal Swing
Standard: Heel Strike
The instant the heel touches the ground to begin stance phase
Standard: Foot Flat
The point in which the entire foot makes contact with the ground. Should occur directly after heel strike
Standard: Midstance
The point during the stance phase when the entire body weight is directly over the stance limb
Standard: Heel Off
The heel of the stance limb leaves the ground
Standard: Toe Off
The point in which only the toe of the stance limb remains on the ground
Standard: Acceleration
Begins when Toe off is complete and the reference limb swing until positioned directly under the body
Standard: Midswing
The swing limb is directly under the body
Standard: Deceleration
Begins directly after midswing, as the swing limb begins to extend, and ends just prior to heel strike
Rancho: Initial Contact
The beginning of stance phase that occurs when the foot touches the ground
Rancho: Loading Response
Corresponds to the amount of time between initial contact and the beginning of the swing phase for the other leg
Rancho: Midstance
The point in stance phase when the other foot is off the floor until the body is directly over the stance limb
Rancho: Terminal Stance
Begins when the heel of the stance limb rises and ends when the other foot touches the ground
Rancho: Pre-swing
Begins when the other foot touches the ground and ends when the stance foot reaches toe off
Rancho: Initial Swing
Begins when the stance foot lifts from the floor and ends with maximal knee flexion during swing
Rancho: Midswing
Begins with maximal knee flexion during swing and ends when the tibia is perpendicular with the ground
Rancho: Terminal Swing
Begins when the tibia is perpendicular to the floor and ends when the foot touches the ground
Muscle Activity: Initial Contact
- Ankle Dorsiflexors
- Quads contract to place knee in extension
- Hamstrings help stabilize knee and prevent hyperextension
- Hip Extensors and abductors contract to stabilize trunk and pelvis over the leg
Muscle Activity: Loading Response
- Ankle Dorsiflexors act eccentrically to lower foot
- Quads contract eccentrically to control knee flexion
- Latter portion of this phase, plantar flexors eccentrically control dorsiflexion as tibia moves over the foot
- Tibialis Posterior eccentrically controls pronation of foot
- Quads contraction becomes concentric to draw femur over the tibia
- Throughout loading response phase, hip extensors contract concentrically to produce hip extension
Muscle Activity: Midstance
- Plantar Flexors act eccentrically
- Quads contract concentrically to produce closed chain knee extension
- Knee musculature activity is minimal in this phase*
- Hip Abductors stabilize the pelvis and prevent contralateral hip drop
- Iliopsoas begins to contract eccentrically to control hip flexion
Muscle Activity: Terminal Stance
- Plantar Flexors work concentrically
- Knee muscle activity remains minimal
- Hip Abductors continue to stabilize
- Iliopsoas slows rate of hip extension
Muscle Activity: Pre-swing
- Plantar flexors at peak activity
- Hamstrings begin to produce knee flexion
- Iliopsoas and other hip flexors work concentrically to produce hip flexion
Muscle Activity: Initial Swing
- Ankle dorsiflexors contract concentrically
- Hamstrings assist with foot clearance by flexing knee
- Hip flexors continue to produce hip flexion
Muscle Activity: Midswing
- Ankle dorsiflexors contract concentrically
- Knee and hip muscle activity are minimal during this phase since momentum allows for advancement of the limb
Muscle Activity: Terminal Swing
- Dorsiflexors contract concentrically
- Ankle invertors contract concentrically
- Quads contract concentrically
- Hamstrings act Eccentrically
- Hip Extensors eccentrically slow the rate of hip flexion and prepare limb for initial contact
