End-Feel Flashcards
Normal and Abnormal End-Feels
1
Q
Firm (Stretch)
A
Examples: Ankle Dorsiflexion Finger Extension Hip Medial Rotation Forearm Supination
2
Q
Hard (Bone to Bone)
A
Examples:
Elbow Extension
3
Q
Soft (Soft Tissue Approximation)
A
Examples:
Elbow Flexion
Knee Flexion
4
Q
Abnormal: Empty (cannot reach end-feel, usually due to pain)
A
Examples:
Joint inflammation
Fracture
Bursitis
5
Q
Abnormal: Firm
A
Examples:
Increased Tone
Tightening of the capsule
Ligament Shortening
6
Q
Abnormal: Hard
A
Examples:
Fracture
Osteoarthritis
Osteophyte Formation
7
Q
Abnormal: Soft
A
Examples:
Edema
Synovitis
Ligament instability / tear