Great vessels

Question 1

Describe order of upper limb venous structures

Answer 1

Medial to lateral

A=abdomen, B =Basilic, C=Cephalic

Question 2

Where does common carotid artery bifurcate?

Answer 2

C4

Question 3

What are pulmonary and systemic blood pressure?

Answer 3

20/10

120/80

Question 4

What are the upper limb pulses you can feel?

Answer 4

Axillary artery (axilla)
Brachial artery (medial to biceps tendon at cubital fossa)
Ulnar and radial pulse

Question 5

What are the pulses of the lower limb?

Answer 5

Femoral artery pulse (midinguinal point)

Popliteal artery (back of knee)

Posterior tibial artery (medial malleolus)

Dorsalis pedis artery (top of foot)

Question 6

Describe 3 components of aorta?

Answer 6

Ascending
Aortic arch
Descending

Question 7

What is the first structure to come off the ascending aorta?

Answer 7

Right and left coronary arteries

Question 8

What structures come of the aortic arch?

Answer 8

Brachiocephalic vein

Left common carotid and left subclavian

Question 9

What becomes of the brachiocephalic artery?

Answer 9

Right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

Question 10

What does subclavian arteries supply?

Answer 10

Upper limbs and parts of neck and chest wall (via anterior intercostal arteries)

Question 11

What does descending thoracic aorta do?

Answer 11

Midline branches to bronchi and oesophagus (bronchial, oesophageal)

Segmental posterior intercostal arteries to chest wall

Question 12

At what level does descending aorta divide?

Answer 12

L4

Question 13

Is descending aorta to left or right of IVC?

Answer 13

Left

Question 14

What level does IVC reform?

Answer 14

L5

Question 15

What level do renal arteries come off?

Answer 15

L1

Question 16

Describe arterial supply to head and neck

Answer 16

Left and right common carotid arteries each divide into internal and external carotid arteries

Question 17

What do external carotid arteries branch off to?

Answer 17

Thyroid and facial artery

Question 18

What is the difference between internal and external carotid?

Answer 18

Internal carotid has no branches in neck before it reaches skull

Question 19

Where does vertebral artery branch off from, what does it supply?

Answer 19

Branch of subclavian.

Two vertebral arteries merge to form basilar artery which joins circle of Willis, supply posterior parts of the brain

Question 20

Describe the branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 20

Coeliac artery to foregut (arises at T12)

Superior mesenteric artery arises at L1/2

Inferior mesenteric artery to hindgut (arises at L3)

Question 21

Describe how aorta divides in pelvic region

Answer 21

Divides to right and left common iliac artery at L4

Question 22

What happens to each common iliac artery?

Answer 22

Bifurcates to external iliac artery and internal iliac artery

Question 23

What happens to external iliac artery?

Answer 23

Passes under inguinal ligament to become femoral artery (supply lower limb)

Question 24

What happens to internal iliac arteries?

Answer 24

Supply pelvic organs and gluteal regions (gives off superior and inferior gluteal arteries)

Question 25

What anastomose supply head of femur?

Answer 25

Trochanteric anastomosis

Question 26

Describe the course of the left renal vein?

Answer 26

Passes in front of the abdominal aorta an under the superior mesenteric

Question 27

Which renal vein is longer?

Answer 27

Left

Question 28

Describe general innervation to arteries

Answer 28

Post ganglionic sympathetic fibres control arterial flow and pressure

Question 29

Describe venous drainage from the head?

Answer 29

Internal and external jugular veins

Question 30

Describe the difference between jugular veins

Answer 30

External jugular veins have no branches

Question 31

Which veins contribute to the brachiocephalic veins?

Answer 31

Subclavian and internal jugular

Question 32

How many brachiocephalic veins and how many brachiocephalic arteries?

Answer 32

``` 2 veins (L and R) 1 artery (R) ```

Question 33

Describe course of azgous vein

Answer 33

Drains posterior abdominal wall and joins to SVC after brachiocephalic veins converge to form SVC

Question 34

Describe the drainage of the alimentary tract/gut

Answer 34

Drained via hepatic portal vein (to liver) then hepatic veins drain to IVC

Question 35

Describe drainage of kidney, gonads, pelvic organs and lower limbs

Answer 35

Drain into IVC

Question 36

What does spleen drain into?

Answer 36

Hepatic portal venous system via Splenic vein DOESN'T drain IVC

Question 37

Do veins or arteries have more anastomoses?

Answer 37

Veins

Question 38

What do anastomoses between veins do?

Answer 38

Connect superficial and deep veins in lower limb

Question 39

Where are lymphatics found?

Answer 39

All vascularised tissues apart from brain and bone marrow and pulmonary alveoli

Question 40

Where does lymph return to blood vascular system?

Answer 40

At junction of subclavian and jugular veins

Question 41

Which have more valves, lymphatics or veins?

Answer 41

Lymphatics

Question 42

Describe innervation of veins

Answer 42

Innervated by post ganglionic sympathetic fibres which control their capacity

Question 43

Main vein draining head?

Answer 43

Internal jugular vein

Question 44

Where do gonad arteries arise from, why is this?

Answer 44

Aorta | Reflects developmental origin of gonads

Question 45

What does common carotid have?

Answer 45

Chemoreceptor and a baroreceptor