Great vessels Flashcards
Describe order of upper limb venous structures
Medial to lateral
A=abdomen, B =Basilic, C=Cephalic
Where does common carotid artery bifurcate?
C4
What are pulmonary and systemic blood pressure?
20/10
120/80
What are the upper limb pulses you can feel?
Axillary artery (axilla) Brachial artery (medial to biceps tendon at cubital fossa) Ulnar and radial pulse
What are the pulses of the lower limb?
Femoral artery pulse (midinguinal point)
Popliteal artery (back of knee)
Posterior tibial artery (medial malleolus)
Dorsalis pedis artery (top of foot)
Describe 3 components of aorta?
Ascending
Aortic arch
Descending
What is the first structure to come off the ascending aorta?
Right and left coronary arteries
What structures come of the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic vein
Left common carotid and left subclavian
What becomes of the brachiocephalic artery?
Right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery
What does subclavian arteries supply?
Upper limbs and parts of neck and chest wall (via anterior intercostal arteries)
What does descending thoracic aorta do?
Midline branches to bronchi and oesophagus (bronchial, oesophageal)
Segmental posterior intercostal arteries to chest wall
At what level does descending aorta divide?
L4
Is descending aorta to left or right of IVC?
Left
What level does IVC reform?
L5
What level do renal arteries come off?
L1
Describe arterial supply to head and neck
Left and right common carotid arteries each divide into internal and external carotid arteries
What do external carotid arteries branch off to?
Thyroid and facial artery
What is the difference between internal and external carotid?
Internal carotid has no branches in neck before it reaches skull
Where does vertebral artery branch off from, what does it supply?
Branch of subclavian.
Two vertebral arteries merge to form basilar artery which joins circle of Willis, supply posterior parts of the brain
Describe the branches of the abdominal aorta
Coeliac artery to foregut (arises at T12)
Superior mesenteric artery arises at L1/2
Inferior mesenteric artery to hindgut (arises at L3)
Describe how aorta divides in pelvic region
Divides to right and left common iliac artery at L4
What happens to each common iliac artery?
Bifurcates to external iliac artery and internal iliac artery
What happens to external iliac artery?
Passes under inguinal ligament to become femoral artery (supply lower limb)
What happens to internal iliac arteries?
Supply pelvic organs and gluteal regions (gives off superior and inferior gluteal arteries)
What anastomose supply head of femur?
Trochanteric anastomosis
Describe the course of the left renal vein?
Passes in front of the abdominal aorta an under the superior mesenteric
Which renal vein is longer?
Left
Describe general innervation to arteries
Post ganglionic sympathetic fibres control arterial flow and pressure
Describe venous drainage from the head?
Internal and external jugular veins
Describe the difference between jugular veins
External jugular veins have no branches
Which veins contribute to the brachiocephalic veins?
Subclavian and internal jugular
How many brachiocephalic veins and how many brachiocephalic arteries?
2 veins (L and R) 1 artery (R)
Describe course of azgous vein
Drains posterior abdominal wall and joins to SVC after brachiocephalic veins converge to form SVC
Describe the drainage of the alimentary tract/gut
Drained via hepatic portal vein (to liver) then hepatic veins drain to IVC
Describe drainage of kidney, gonads, pelvic organs and lower limbs
Drain into IVC
What does spleen drain into?
Hepatic portal venous system via Splenic vein DOESN’T drain IVC
Do veins or arteries have more anastomoses?
Veins
What do anastomoses between veins do?
Connect superficial and deep veins in lower limb
Where are lymphatics found?
All vascularised tissues apart from brain and bone marrow and pulmonary alveoli
Where does lymph return to blood vascular system?
At junction of subclavian and jugular veins
Which have more valves, lymphatics or veins?
Lymphatics
Describe innervation of veins
Innervated by post ganglionic sympathetic fibres which control their capacity
Main vein draining head?
Internal jugular vein
Where do gonad arteries arise from, why is this?
Aorta
Reflects developmental origin of gonads
What does common carotid have?
Chemoreceptor and a baroreceptor
