Female reproductive system Flashcards
What is the vesicouterine pouch?
A reflection of peritoneum that lies between the anterior surface of the uterus and the bladder
What is the recto-uterine pouch (of Douglas)?
A reflection of peritoneum that lies between the posterior surface of the uterus and posterior fornix of the vagina
What word is used to describe the uterus of a women prior to pregnancy?
Nulliparous
How long, wide and thick is the average nulliparous uterus?
7-8cm long, 5cm wide and 1-2cm thick
What part of the uterus is superior to the fallopian tube entry?
Fundus
What part of the uterus is inferior to the fallopian tube entry?
The body
What is the name for the caudal constriction of the uterus?
Cervix
What is the space the cervix opening creates called?
Internal/external os
What type of epithelia lines the cervical canal?
Simple columnar mucus secreting epithelium
What part of the cervix projects into the vagina?
Ectocervix
What type of epithelia lines the ectocervix?
Stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelia
Where does the vagina open?
Vestibule
What describes the region of the vagina that extends around the ectocervix?
Vaginal fornices
What surface of the broad ligament attaches to the ovaries?
The postosuperior
What is the name of the peritoneal covering of the ovary that attaches it to the broad ligament?
Mesovarium
What are the projections of the uterine tube at the infundibulum called?
Fimbriae
What type of nerve supplies the ovaries, what is the principle function of this supply?
Sympathetic, supply the blood vessels related to the ovary
What dermatome are pain afferents from the ovary referred to?
T10
What are the four parts of the uterine tube (from ovary to uterus)?
Fimbriae
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Intramural portion
Where does lymph drain from ovaries, fundus of uterus and uterine tubes?
Para-aortic lymph nodes
Where does lymph from the body of the uterus and superior 2/3 of vagina drain to?
Nodes beside the external and internal iliac arteries
Where do lymph nodes from the uterus fundus, ovary and uterine tubes pass within?
Broad ligament
A few lymph vessels from the body of the uterus drain into…
The superficial inguinal lymph nodes
What lymph nodes does the inferior 1/3 of the vagina drain to?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
What are the three divisions of the broad ligament, what do the cover?
The mesometrium is the area of the broad ligament surrounding the uterus
The mesosalpinx is the part covering the uterine tube
The mesovarium is the part of the peritoneum from which the ovaries are suspended
Is the mesovarium continuous with the epithelia of the ovaries?
Yes
Where does the suspensory ligament extend to and from?
The ovary and the lateral pelvic wall
What does the suspensory ligament contain?
The artery vein, lymph and nerves of ovary
What are remnants of the ovarian gubernaculum?
The round ligament and the ovarian ligament
Where does the round ligament pass?
From the point at which tubes join uterus, through the deep inguinal ring and enters the labia majora
Where does the ligament of the ovary pass?
Attaches the ovary to lateral wall of uterus
What is the name of the female cardinal ligaments?
Pubovesical/pubocervical
What does the pubocervical ligaments cover?
Space between the anterior parts of the pubococcygeus muscles
Where do the pubocervial ligaments run?
Cervix to pubic symphysis
What nerve provides somatic sensation to the vaginal opening?
Pudenal nerve
What spinal region does the pudenal nerve arise from?
S2-S4
What innervates the superior part of the vagina and the cervix/regions of the reproductive organs without a peritoneal covering?
Parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
What sympathetic plexus innervates the ovaries, uterine tubes and the parts of the uterus covered by peritoneum?
Hypogastric (sympathetic) plexus
What name is given to the female external genetalia?
The vulva
What is the pudenal cleft?
Opening of the labia majora
What part of the vulva partially covers the clitoris?
Labia minora
Where are the greater vestibular (bartholin) glands?
Either side of the inferior end of the vagina, superficial to the perineal membrane
What is the bulb of vestibule?
Mass of erectile tissue either side of the vagina
Where do the two bulbs of vestibule join?
Anterior to the vagina
Where is the clitoris attached?
Ischiopubic rami
How is the clitoris attached to the ischopubic rami?
Two crura (continuous with the body of the clitoris)
What does the greater vestibular gland secrete?
Mucus into the vestibule
In females, what does the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery give rise to?
The umbilical artery (closed vessel in the adult forming the medial umbilical ligament)
Superior vesical artery which supplies the superior surface of the bladder.
Internal pudendal artery
Obturator artery
The uterine and vaginal arteries, which supply the uterus and vagina
Where can the vaginal artery arise from alternatively to the internal iliac?
Uterine artery
Where does most of the venous drainage lead to?
Internal iliac veins
Where do the ovarian arteries branch from?
Abdominal aorta inferior to the renal arteries
What supplies the uterine tubes?
Branches of the ovarian artery
What does the ovarian artery anastomose with?
Uterine artery
What drains the uterus?
Uterine venous plexuses to internal iliac veins
What drains the ovary and uterine tubes ?
Ovarian veins on left drains to LRV and right IVC
Where does the left ovarian vein drain?
Left renal vein
Where does the right ovarian vein drain?
Inferior vena cava
Where are the greater vestibular (bartholin) glands?
Either side of the inferior end of the vagina, superficial to the perineal membrane
What is the bulb of vestibule?
Mass of erectile tissue either side of the vagina
Where do the two bulbs of vestibule join?
Anterior to the vagina
Where is the clitoris attached?
Ischiopubic rami
How is the clitoris attached to the ischopubic rami?
Two crura (continuous with the body of the clitoris)
What does the greater vestibular gland secrete?
Mucus into the vestibule
In females, what does the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery give rise to?
The umbilical artery (closed vessel in the adult forming the medial umbilical ligament)
Superior vesical artery which supplies the superior surface of the bladder.
Internal pudendal artery
Obturator artery
The uterine and vaginal arteries, which supply the uterus and vagina
Where can the vaginal artery arise from alternatively to the internal iliac?
Uterine artery
Where does most of the venous drainage lead to?
Internal iliac veins
Where do the ovarian arteries branch from?
Abdominal aorta inferior to the renal arteries
What supplies the uterine tubes?
Branches of the ovarian artery and uterine artery (anastomose)
What does the ovarian artery anastomose with?
Uterine artery
What drains the uterus?
Uterine venous plexuses to internal iliac veins
What drains the ovary and uterine tubes ?
Ovarian veins on left drains to LRV and right IVC
Where does the left ovarian vein drain?
Left renal vein
Where does the right ovarian vein drain?
Inferior vena cava
What supplies the uterus?
Uterine artery
Where does the internal pudenal artery branch from?
The anterior trunk
Where does the internal pudenal artery leave the pelvic cavity, how does it gain access to the perineum?
Greater sciatic foramen
Lesser sciatic foramen
What supplies the perineal structures and clitoris?
Pudenal artery
How is the uterus positioned over the bladder?
Anteverted and anteflexed over the bladder
What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovary?
Para-aortic nodes
The main artery supplying the uterus
Internal iliac
What separates the rectum from the posterior wall of the vagina?
Deep peritoneal lined recess
Describe the broad ligament
Is a fold of peritoneum which extends laterally from the body of the uterus and hangs down over the uterine tubes
What is derived from the gubernaculum?
Round ligament
Is round or cardinal ligament closer to intramural portion of Fallopian tube?
Round
What are the two vaginal fornices called?
Anterior and posterior
What lies near to the posterior fornix of vagina?
The recto-uterine pouch of the peritoneal cavity
What is the principal support of the cervix of the uterus?
Cardinal/lateral ligament
What does the uterus develop from?
Paramesonephric duct
The fibromuscular body which lies between vagina and rectum is called the
Perineal body
Concerning the breast, Its secretory epithelium is derived from..
Ectoderm
Where can the breast feasibly develop?
Breast tissue can develop anywhere along a line from axilla to groin
What is the most important hormone in development of the breast ductal system?
Oestrogen
Where does majority of breast lymphatic drainage lead?
Pectoral nodes in the axilla.
Where does the breast tissue lie?
In superficial fascia (subcutaneous fat)
Describe the lobular structure of the breast?
Numerous secretory lobules converge onto 15-20 lactiferous ducts
