G.R.A.V.E Terminology

Question 1

representative sample

Answer 1

P - high/low generalisability

E - representative to wider pop. because……. (always link to behaviour)

Question 2

sample

Answer 2

P - narrow/wide sample

E - low/high generalisability ….. representative ……

Question 3

ethnocentric/androcentric

Answer 3

P - it is or isn’t
E - representative/generalisable to other cultures as may not reflect cultural norms of their society

P - it is or isn’t
E - therefore cant generalise to explain female/male behaviours as gender differences could lower validity conc. draw

Question 4

standardised procedure

Answer 4

P - does or doesn’t
E - therefore the procedure can be replicated to test the reliability of the results/conc.

• need 2 of the procedures for the evidence

Question 5

other research

Answer 5

P - agree/disagree findings of other research
E - therefore this supports/crit this study which found …… making conc. about ……. reliable/unreliable

• for evidence outline the studies findings

Question 6

other types of reliability

Answer 6

P - inter rater/ test-re-test
E - inter-reliability increase reliability of data and reduce subjectivity in analysis

• ONLY USE IF THERE IS EVIDENCE OF IT

Question 7

era dependent

Answer 7

P - it is
E - therefore can’t be applied to current society as doesn’t reflect the social norms of modern society, can’t provide useful application.

Question 8

size of sample

Answer 8

P - small/large

E - skew data, decreases internal validity of data analysis

Question 9

operationalized IV/DV

Answer 9

P - high/low internal validity
E - there clear/ not clear operationalized of IV/DV, reduce/allowing clear cause and effect to be established

*describe how DV measured fully

Question 10

control over variable (extraneous/confounding)

Answer 10

P - high/low internal validity
E - therefore high control over extraneous variables meaning the data collected is more accurate in finding clear cause and effect.

*describe extraneous variables + how they were controlled or how confounding variables had an impact

Question 11

demand charactersitics

Answer 11

P - high/low internal validity
E - therefore participants, change their behaviour to fit experimenter expectation’s reducing clear cause and effect
therefore participants, doesn’t change their natural behaviour for the experimenters expectations increasing clear cause and effect

Question 12

objectivity/subjectivity

Answer 12

P - bias in collected
E - objectivity of data collection/analysis increase scientific status of results, increase internal validity

P - analysis of data
E - subjectivity, reduces scientific status open to interpretation

Question 13

mundane realism

Answer 13

P - high/low external validity
E - therefore can generalise results to explain …… (in context) occurs in real life behaviour/task such as …… (an example in real life but don’t need to add it )

Question 14

ecological validity

Answer 14

P - high/low external validity
E - therefore can/can’t generalised results to explain …… (in context) in every data setting such as …… (an example in real life but don’t need to add it )

Question 15

ethics

Answer 15

P - follow/break (label which rule)

E - therefore the study is/isn’t justified because ….. (the effects of the rule being followed/broken)

Question 16

useful application

Answer 16

P - has useful application

E - therefore …… (effects onto society) one example is (study or own example)

Question 17

implication to society

Answer 17

P - has implication

E - therefore …… (effects onto society) one example is (study or own example)

Question 18

triangulation

Answer 18

P - triangulation was present

E - therefore the measurement bring together the same conclusion of data collected increasing internal validity