Bandura's 1963/65 studies

Question 1

Aim (1963)

Answer 1

to see if a child can be more aggressive is shown live/film/cartoon cat model

Question 2

sample (1963)

Answer 2

48/48 boys/girls = range age 35 - 69 months/ mean age 52 months

taken from a Stanford university nursery school

Question 3

Procedure (1963)

Answer 3

1. first phase was the kids in the experimental group seeing an adult acting aggressively to a bobo doll
2. group 1 watched real life male/female become aggressive towards the bobo doll
3. group 2 watched 10 minutes film version of male/female become aggressive to the bobo doll + potato prints
4. group3 3 watched a cartoon version of a of female model dressed as a cat become aggressive to the bobo doll
5. controlled group that wasn’t exposed to to a aggressive model.
6. moved to another room with an experimenter; mildly exposed to frustrating situations to elicit aggression

Question 4

what is a bad factor from the procedure?

Answer 4

10min of being left alone - don’t know if observe red their respective model or not

Question 5

Results (1963)

Answer 5

• children imitated the aggression that they saw
• overall boys are more aggressive than girls
• aggressive model condition showed more aggression than non-aggressive model condition
• boy + male model more aggressive than girl + female model
• exp group (cartoon/live) 2x agg. in all 3 conditions
• cartoon = as agg. in real life + more verbal/physical than control

Question 6

Conclusions (1963)

Answer 6

• children learn through imitation
• more likely to imitate the same sex model
• can learn through watching a model in a film

Question 7

Aim (1965)

Answer 7

to see if a child would be more likely to imitate a role model they see being rewarded (vicarious punishment)

Question 8

Sample (1965)

Answer 8

33/33 boys/girls = range age of 42-71 months/ mean age = 51 months

taken from a Stanford university nursery school

Question 9

Procedure (1965)

explain the IV in this one

inter-rater?

Answer 9

1. 1st phase: kids in experimental group saw an adult acting aggressively to a bob doll
2. same conditions was watching films of aggression - 5min
3. group1: saw aggressive model rewards with sweets and soft drinks
4. group2: saw aggressive model punished by another agent shaking his finger on improving remarks
5. group3: saw aggressive model neither punished nor rewarded
6. rated independently through a 1 way-mirror

IV:

• condition the children were exposed to; sex of child
• after learning the phase, sent to another room, told for each physical/verbal imitative behaviour would be given juice or sticker
• if described behaviour -> encouraged to demonstrate it

Researcher took 10 of the samples to make comparison

Question 10

What was the behaviour shown by the kids?

What was the results for successful imitation?

Answer 10

balls thrown/verbal agg/ to bobo doll

2nd model adult -> imitation from kids = sweets & 7UP
punishment -> spanking & called bully
“tell me what he said” = sticker
imitation = ticker -> put on scenery wall -> creates desirability -> imitate again
= used rewards as incentives

Question 11

Results (1965)

Answer 11

• imitated the aggression that was shown
• overall boys most agg.
• when offered a rewards: more likely to imitate the behaviour
• both aggressive if given a rewards
• girls least agg. w/o incentives
• group 1/3 children showed more aggression that group2

Question 12

Conclusions (1965)

Answer 12

• children learn through imitation
• more likely of imitation if rewarded
• can learn through watching a model in a film

= vicarious reinforcement increases no. of imitative behaviour