Classical Conditioning (C.C.) Flashcards
What is classical Conditioning?
How does it occur?
Theorised by Pavlov (1890s) doing experiments on his dog.
Its a learning approach is concerned with stimulus response (S-R leaning) + It occurs when you learn that 2 things happen together - we associate them together
It links existing, normal reflex action with a new stimulus
*other way of thinking
we build an association a NS + existing UCS
Define Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) and give an example
*examples are always good to help you understand the concept/ definiton abit better
The stimulus which automatically triggers a specific reflex response
Example: food, pain etc
Define Unconditioned Response (UCR) and give an example
*examples are always good to help you understand the concept/ definition a bit better
The automatic reflex response to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Example: salivation, running away/ dodging/ scream
Define Neutral Stimulus (NS) and give an example
*examples are always good to help you understand the concept/ definition a bit better
A stimulus which would not normally trigger a specific reflex response
(basically a stimulus that cant doesn’t match with the response)
Example: bell doesn’t normally trigger salivation/ pain doesn’t normally trigger joy
Define Condition Stimulus (CS) and give an example
*examples are always good to help you understand the concept/ definiton abit better
The NS now triggers the reflex response
Example: the bell now triggers salivation/ pain now triggers joy
Define Conditioned Response (CR) and give an example
*examples are always good to help you understand the concept/ definiton abit better
This is the learned response i.e. the reflex behaviour is triggered by the CS
Example: salivation in response to the bell/ joy in response to pain
Draw a simple diagram/ step by step process to have a visual image?
*when seeing the diagram use it as inference and make one yourself in your head or notes whatever u prefer
Before conditioning:
UCS=eating chocolate ——-> UCR=Salivate
During conditioning:
N=wrapper + UCS=eating chocolate —–> UCR=salivate
After conditioning:
CS=wrapper of chocolate —–> CR=salivate
Define Higher order Conditioning and give an example
A response can occur in NS because it was associated with a CS rather than a UCS
UCS=food ——> UCR=salivation
NS=bell + UCS=food —–> UCR=salivation
CS=bell —–> CR=salivation
NS/CS*2=black square + CS=bell —–> CR=salivation
CS*2=black square —–> CR=salivation
Define Extinction and give an example
Where the learned response (CR) appears to be extinguished
Example:
no food present when the buzzer was heard —-> association between buzzer + food = weaken —>
wont salivate when hearing buzzer
Define Spontaneous Recovery and give an example
Contradicts Extinction as the learned response (CR) has not been extinguished completely
Example:
taken away for a few hours (the food away from the (dog) —> CR will return = when CS (buzzer) is heard —> dog will salivate
Define Generalisation and give an example
The conditioned response (CR) was triggered by a similar stimulus from the current condition stimulus (CS)
Example: if CS has similar tone to the buzzer (original CS) —> CR occur (salivate)
*THE MORE SIMILAR = MORE REACTION TO CR
Define Discrimination and give an example
opposite of Generalisation as anything that isn’t the CS cant trigger the CR
Example: if CS has not similarity/different to the buzzer (original CS) —> CR doesn’t occur (salivate)
Define One-Trial Learning and give an example
Sometimes learning occurs when the UCS and CS are paired together only once
Example:
sees bad traffic accident (UCS) —> trigger fear (UCR)
a chance will react the same passing the scene again
scene associated with accident (UCS) —> scene = CS + UCR (fear) = CR (fear)
food poising is the most common one trial learning
