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Grammar misc Flashcards

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1
Q

Relative clauses:

If the speaker knows the existence of the antecedent (basically the subject of which they are speaking), which tense should be used?

A

The indicative

E.g. I’m looking for a man that works in this office (you know he exists, but you don’t know him)

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2
Q

Relative clauses:

If the speaker does NOT know the existence of the antecedent (basically the subject of which they are speaking), which tense should be used?

A

The subjunctive

E.g. I’m looking for a man without a job (you don’t know if he exists)

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3
Q

Relative clauses:

If the speaker is describing an antecedent (basically the subject of which they are speaking) that is rare, which tense should be used?

A

The subjunctive

E.g. there are few people that sing better than you

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4
Q

For giving advice, pg 31:

What should follow ‘deberias’ (you should)?

A

Deberias + [infinitive]

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5
Q

For giving advice, pg 31:

What should follow ‘tener que’ (have to)?

Do you conjugate tener for the appropriate pronoun or leave it in the infinitive?

A

Tener que + [infinitive]

Conjugate it for the appropriate pronoun, e.g. tienes que hacerlo

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6
Q

For giving advice, pg 31:

What other tense can you use to give advice and why would you use it?

A

The conditional

To say what you would do

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7
Q

Verbal periphrases, pg36:

What is a verbal periphrasis?

A

Constructions formed by two different verbs that act as a single unit and therefore have a single meaning.

Basically there is only one meaning derived from the combination of both verbs.

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8
Q

Verbal periphrases, pg36:

What type of verb is ‘acabar de’ (to finish) followed by?

What does ‘acabar de’ mean when combined with another verb?

A

acabar de + [infinitive]

To have just done x, e.g. acabo de ver = I have just seen

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9
Q

Verbal periphrases, pg36:

What type of verb is ‘dejar de’ (to leave, stop) followed by?

A

dejar de + [infinitive]

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10
Q

Verbal periphrases, pg36:

What type of verb is ‘empezar a’ (to start) followed by?

A

empezar a + [infinitive]

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11
Q

Verbal periphrases, pg36:

What type of verb is ‘volver a’ (to return) followed by?

A

volver a + [infinitive]

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12
Q

Verbal periphrases, pg36:

What type of verb is ‘seguir’ (to follow, continue, keep) followed by?

What does ‘seguir’ mean when combined with another verb?

A

seguir + [gerund]

To still be x, e.g. sigo viviendo = I’m still living

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13
Q

Verbal periphrases, pg36:

What type of verb is ‘llevar’ (to carry, take, bring) followed by?

What does ‘llevar’ mean when combined with another verb?

A

llevar + [gerund]

To have been doing x, e.g. llevamos viviendo en esta casa por diez años

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14
Q

Estar + gerund, pg37:

Which tenses do you commonly use estar with the gerund in? (5)

Give an example of them all for ‘I am waiting’

Do you need to use estar, or can you just use the verb conjugated in the correct tense?

A

Future = estaré esperando
Indicative = estoy esperando
Preterito perfecto = estuvó esperando
Preterito indefinido = he estado esperando
Imperfect = estaba esperando

You don’t need to use estar, but it emphasises the verb being done.

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15
Q

Which tense do you use to describe past habits / things you used to do?

A

The imperfect

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16
Q

Which tense would you use to describe a life experience, without describing the exact moment that it occurred?

e.g. I have read lots of books in my life that my teachers recommended

A

The preterito perfecto

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17
Q

Contrarios, pg45:

To form the opposite of a word, which 5 prefixes can be added?

Which one actually follows a rule and what is it?

A

in-
i-
des-
im-

If the word starts with a ‘p’ or ‘b’, use im-, e.g. improbable

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18
Q

Final sentences, pg47:

In a sentence, if the subject of the verbs is the same, which type of verb do you use with para?

para + ?

A

para + infinitive

e.g. (yo) desayuno fruta para desintoxicarme

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19
Q

Final sentences, pg47:

In a sentence, if the subject of the verbs is DIFFERENT, which tense do you use with para que?

para que + ?

What does ‘para que’ mean?

A

para que + subjunctive

‘so that’

e.g. (yo) te llamo para que (tú) me cuentes lo que pasó

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20
Q

Comparison with ADJECTIVES, 6c:

If something is superior to something else, e.g. ‘more x than’, how would you form the sentence?

Give an example for ‘Amber is stronger than everyone’

A

más + [adjective] + que

Amber es más fuerte que todos

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21
Q

Comparison with ADJECTIVES, 6c:

If something is inferior to something else, e.g. ‘less x than’, how would you form the sentence?

Give an example for ‘Amber is less anxious than before’

A

menos + [adjective] + que

Amber está menos ansiosa que antes

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22
Q

Comparison with ADJECTIVES, 6c:

If something is equal to something else, e.g. ‘as x as’, how would you form the sentence?

Give an example for ‘Amber is as beautiful as her grandma’

A

tan + [adjective] + como

Amber es tan hermosa como su abuela

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23
Q

Comparison with NOUNS, 6c:

If there are more of something, e.g. ‘more x than’, how would you form the sentence?

Give an example for ‘there are more cats than dogs’

A

más + [noun] + que

hay más gatos que perros

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24
Q

Comparison with NOUNS, 6c:

If there are less of something, e.g. ‘less x than’, how would you form the sentence?

Give an example for ‘there are less dogs than cats’

A

menos + [noun] + que

hay menos perros que gatos

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25
Q

Comparison with NOUNS, 6c:

If there are the same of something, e.g. ‘equal x and y’, how would you form the sentence?

What do you need to remember with this one?

Give an example for ‘there are as many cats as dogs’

A

tanto/a/os/as + [noun] + como

To agree tant- with the noun

hay tantos gatos como perros

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26
Q

Comparison with VERBS, 6c:

If you want to say someone does more of something than someone else, how would you form the sentence?

Give an example for ‘Amber cares more than her friends’

A

[verb] + más que

Amber cuida más que sus amigas

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27
Q

Comparison with VERBS, 6c:

If you want to say someone does less of something than someone else, how would you form the sentence?

Give an example for ‘Amber runs less than Eliza’

A

[verb] + menos que

Amber corre menos que Eliza

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28
Q

Comparison with VERBS, 6c:

If you want to say someone does the same of something as someone else, how would you form the sentence?

Give an example for ‘Amber likes cats as much as Eliza’

A

[verb] + tanto como

Amber se gustan los gatos tanto como Eliza

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29
Q

Irregular comparisons, 6c:

Some comparatives are irregular. If you want to say ‘x is bigger than y’, what would you say?

What would you NOT say?

A

x es mayor que y

más grande

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30
Q

Irregular comparisons, 6c:

Some comparatives are irregular. If you want to say ‘x is smaller than y’, what would you say?

What would you NOT say?

A

x es menor que y

más pequeño

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31
Q

Irregular comparisons, 6c:

Some comparatives are irregular. If you want to say ‘x is better than y’, what would you say?

What would you NOT say?

A

x es mejor que y

más bueno

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32
Q

Irregular comparisons, 6c:

Some comparatives are irregular. If you want to say ‘x is worse than y’, what would you say?

What would you NOT say?

A

x es peor que y

más malo

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33
Q

How do you make a profession match the sex of the person doing it?

Give male and female examples of:
Teacher
Footballer
Chef

Do all professions have to agree with the person doing it?

A

Add an -o, -isto or -ero if the person is male
Add an -a, -ista or -era if the person is female

profesor / profesora
futbolisto / futbolista
cocinero / cocinera

No, those that already end in -ista are fixed, e.g. ‘taxista’ (taxi driver) applies to both male and female taxi drivers. However, the ARTICLE can change to agree.

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34
Q

If you use ‘cuando’ when talking about the present, which tense do you use?

A

The indicative

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35
Q

If you use ‘cuando’ when talking about the past, which tense do you use?

A

The past (whichever past tense works with what you’re saying)

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36
Q

If you use ‘cuando’ when talking about the future, which tense do you use? (2)

A
  1. If there are two clauses to the sentence, use the present subjunctive with cuando in the first clause and the future in the second. E.g.

cuando sepa algo, te avisaré

  1. If there is only one clause, use the future. E.g.

cuando empezarás tu nuevo trabajo?

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37
Q

Direct style, pg79:

What is the direct style / when do you use it?

What punctuation do you need?

What tense do you use?

A

Reporting exactly what someone said

Speech marks

Any - whatever the person originally said

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38
Q

Indirect style, pg79:

What is the indirect style / when do you use it?

What punctuation do you need?

What tense do you use?

A

When you’re reporting what someone said, which involves paraphrasing

None

The past (can be any of the past tenses, whichever works with the context) UNLESS you’re reporting what someone said about the future, then it’s the conditional

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39
Q

Passive voice, pg87:

What is the passive voice?

Where do you see it used? (2)

Give an example of the passive voice for ‘police found the car’ in English.

A

When the thing receiving the action (object), or the action itself (verb), is more important than the person doing the action (subject).

In the news and historical texts.

‘the car has been found by police’

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40
Q

Passive voice, pg87:

How do you form the passive voice?

Which tenses do you tend to use the passive voice with?

Conjugate:
The car has been found by police.
The castle was constructed in 1751.

A

ser + [past participle]

Pretérito perfecto or pretérito indefinido

ha sido encontrado el coche por la policía
fue construido el castillo en 1751.

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41
Q

Orders in the indirect style, pg88:

What is the indirect style?

What is the introductory verb?

If the introductory verb is in the present tense, what tense does the indirect speech take?

What other word do you need?

Give an example for ‘he’s asking that I go to see him’

A

Reporting what someone said, which involves paraphrasing

The one that comes first in the sentence

The present subjunctive

que

él me pide que vaya a verlo

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42
Q

Orders in the indirect style, pg88:

What is the indirect style?

What is the introductory verb?

If the introductory verb is in the préterito perfecto, what tense does the indirect speech take?

What other word do you need?

Give an example for ‘he asked me to marry him today’

A

Reporting what someone said, which involves paraphrasing

The one that comes first in the sentence

The present subjunctive

que

hoy, ha pedido que me case con él

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43
Q

Orders in the indirect style, pg88:

What is the indirect style?

What is the introductory verb?

If the introductory verb is in the préterito indefinido, what tense does the indirect speech take?

What other word do you need?

Give an example for ‘she asked me to collect the tickets’

A

Reporting what someone said, which involves paraphrasing

The one that comes first in the sentence

The imperfect subjunctive

que

pidió que recogiera las entradas

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44
Q

Orders in the indirect style, pg88:

What is the indirect style?

What is the introductory verb?

If the introductory verb is in the imperfect, what tense does the indirect speech take?

What other word do you need?

Give an example for ‘she used to tell me to clean the house’

A

Reporting what someone said, which involves paraphrasing

The one that comes first in the sentence

The imperfect subjunctive

que

me decía que limpiara la casa

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45
Q

Orders in the indirect style, pg88:

What is the indirect style?

What is the introductory verb?

If the introductory verb is in the pluperfect, what tense does the indirect speech take?

What other word do you need?

Give an example for ‘he had said I was his favourite’

A

Reporting what someone said, which involves paraphrasing

The one that comes first in the sentence

The imperfect subjunctive

que

habia dicho que fuera su favorita

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46
Q

Expressing desires, pg90:

Which five verbs are commonly used to express desires?

A

esperar (to hope)
desear (to desire)
querer (to want)
gustar (to like)
necesitar (to need)

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47
Q

Expressing desires, pg90:

If the subject of the sentence stays the same, which verb/tense do you use?

Conjugate ‘I want to travel’ as an example (which is the same as ‘I want that I travel’, i.e. the subject is the same).

A

verb + [infinitive]

Quiero viajar

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48
Q

Expressing desires, pg90:

If the subject of the sentence CHANGES, which verb/tense do you use?

Conjugate ‘I need you to support me’

A

verb + [subjunctive]

Necesito que tú me apoyes

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49
Q

Expressing conjecture, pg96:

What is conjecture?

A

Speculation - when you say something based on incomplete information

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50
Q

Expressing conjecture, pg96:

What does ‘a lo mejor’ mean?

What tense is it followed by?

Use it to express that you might go on holiday in May

You can use it for both positive and negative things. True or false?

A

Probably

The indicative

A lo mejor voy a ir de vacaciones en Mayo

False - it’s used to express something positive

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51
Q

Expressing conjecture, pg96:

What does ‘seguramente’ mean?

What tense is it followed by?

Use it to express that you might travel by train

A

Surely, most probably

The future

Seguramente iré en tren

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52
Q

Expressing conjecture, pg96:

What does ‘quizás’ mean?

What tense is it followed by?

Use it to express that you might go to the party

It can be used with both positive and negative things. True or false?

A

Maybe

The subjunctive

Quizás vaya a la fiesta, pero no sé

True

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53
Q

Expressing conjecture, pg96:

What does ‘probablemente’ mean?

What tenses can it be followed by and in what circumstances?

Use it to express that:
It’s too late to sign up
You’ll buy the tickets on the internet

A

Likely, possibly, probably

Subjunctive when talking about something unlikely
Future when talking about something likely

probablemente sea demasiado tarde para inscribirse
probablemente compraré las entradas por Internet

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54
Q

Asking for things politely, pg99:

What does ‘le importaría…’ mean?

Is it formal or informal?

A

‘would you mind…’

formal

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55
Q

Asking for things politely, pg99:

What does ‘sería possible…’ mean?

Is it formal or informal?

A

‘would it be possible…’

formal

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56
Q

Asking for things politely, pg99:

What does ‘podrías…’ mean?

Is it formal or informal?

A

‘could you…’

informal

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57
Q

Asking for things politely, pg99:

What does ‘te importaría…’ mean?

Is it formal or informal?

A

‘would you mind…’

informal

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58
Q

Asking for things politely, pg99:

What does ‘sería(n) tan amable(s) de…’ mean?

Is it formal or informal?

A

‘would you be so kind to…’

formal

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59
Q

Responding to things politely, pg99:

What does ‘por supuesto’ mean?

A

Of course

60
Q

Responding to things politely, pg99:

What does ‘sí, cómo no’ mean?

A

Yes, of course

61
Q

Responding to things politely, pg99:

What does ‘sí, ahora mismo’ mean?

A

Yes, right away

62
Q

Responding to things politely, pg99:

What does ‘claro que sí’ mean?

A

Yes, of course

63
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

What is a definite article?

Give an example in English

A

A word used to refer to a specific noun

‘the’

64
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

What is an indefinite article?

Give an example in English?

A

A word used to refer to a non-specific noun

‘a’

65
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

What are the definite articles for:

the (masculine)
the (feminine)
these (masculine)
these (feminine)

A

el
la
los
las

66
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

What are the indefinite articles for:

a (masculine)
a (feminine)
some (masculine)
some (feminine)

A

un
una
unos
unas

67
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

If you’re speaking about a specific noun, would you use the definite, indefinite or no article?

Translate this example - ‘I’m going to my sister’s shop’

A

Definite

Voy a la tienda de mi hermana

68
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

If you’re speaking about something for the first time, would you use the definite, indefinite or no article?

Translate this example - ‘I bought myself a dress today’

A

Indefinite

he comprado un vestido hoy

69
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

If you’re speaking about an approximate quantity, would you use the definite, indefinite or no article?

Translate this example - ‘there are some students’

A

Hay unos estudiantes

70
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

If you’re speaking about a profession, would you use the definite, indefinite or no article?

Is there ever an exception to this?

Translate the examples:
she is a writer
she is a famous writer

A

No article

Yes - if the profession goes with an adjective

ella es escritora
ella es una escritora famosa

71
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

If you’re using the verb gustar, or other verbs that take ‘le’ (molestar, enfadar, importar etc.), would you use the definite, indefinite or no article?

Translate this example - ‘I do not like lazy people’

A

Definite

no me gustan los vagos

72
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

If you’re speaking about body parts, would you use the definite, indefinite or no article?

Translate this example - ‘Eliza, wash your hands’

A

Definite

Eliza, lávate los manos

73
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

If you’re speaking about personal objects, would you use the definite, indefinite or no article?

Translate this example - ‘I will wear my new skirt tonight’

A

Definite

vestiré la falda nueva esta noche

74
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

Sometimes you can replace a noun with the definite article. When would you do this?

Translate:
‘Which lady is the prime minister?’
‘The lady with the curly hair’

A

If the noun has already been said and you are referring to it again.

¿Quién es la primer ministre?
La (mujer) con el pelo rizado

75
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

Which prepositions do you NOT use an article after? (3)

A

de
con
sin

76
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

Is ‘tengo dolor del estómago’ correct - why/why not?

A

No - after ‘de’, you don’t need an article

The correct sentence is ‘tengo dolor de estómago’

77
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

Is ‘prefiero repas sin el carne’ correct - why/why not?

A

No - after ‘sin’, you don’t need an article

The correct sentence is ‘prefiero repas sin carne’

78
Q

When to use articles, pg111:

Is ‘llevaré el con queso’ correct - why/why not?

A

Yes - after ‘con’, you don’t need an article

79
Q

Asking a favour, pg118:

What does ‘te / le importa…’ mean?

What type of verb/tense is it followed by?

A

‘Do you mind…’

te importa + [infinitive]

80
Q

Asking a favour, pg118:

What does ‘podría(s)…’

What type of verb/tense is it followed by?

A

‘Could you…’

podría(s) + [infinitive]

81
Q

Asking permissions, pg118:

What does ‘te / le importa que…’

What type of verb/tense is it followed by?

A

‘Do you mind if…’

te / le importa + [subjunctive]

82
Q

Offering help, pg118:

What does ‘quiere(s) que…’

What type of verb/tense is it followed by?

A

‘Do you want…’

quiere(s) que + [subjunctive]

83
Q

Adverbs, pg121:

What is an adverb?

What’s the most common way of forming an adverb from an adjective?

Give an example of changing ‘fast’ into ‘quickly’

A

A word used to describe a verb

Add the suffix -mente

fast = rápido
quickly = rápidamente

84
Q

Adjectives:

Where do adjectives usually go - before or after the noun?

Give 3 common exceptions

A

After

nuevo/a, bien, mal

85
Q

Translate the following:

this (male)
this (female)
these (male)
these (female)

A

este
esta
esos
esas

86
Q

Translate the following:

that (male)
that (female)

A

ese
esa

87
Q

What does this mean?

sobre + [time]

A

around [time]

88
Q

If you’re saying ‘hundreds of x’, does the word for hundred need to agree with the noun?

Is this the case with other quantities?

A

Yes - cientos or cientas

No

89
Q

If an adjective ends in -e, do you agree it with the noun?

A

Only to make it plural if needed; you don’t agree the gender (-a or -o).

90
Q

You never use articles with places. True or false?

Give an example for ‘at university’

A

False - you ALWAYS use articles with places

en la universidad

91
Q

What’s the difference between…

tenía que + [infinitive]
tuvé que + [infinitive]

A

Both mean ‘I had to / I was supposed to’, but the imperfect version implies you didn’t end up doing the thing and the PI version implies you did

e.g.
tenía que visitar mis amigas pero estaba enferma (so I didn’t)
tuvé que visitar mis amigas (and I did)

92
Q

When talking about plans, which future tense do you use?

A

The ‘going to’ future

93
Q

What does ‘ya + [pretérito perfecto]’ mean?

A

I have ALREADY done x

94
Q

Do verbs that change stem in the present change stem in other tenses?

A

Not generally, though some tenses are formed using a stem-changed version of a verb (e.g. subjunctive takes the ‘yo’ form of the indicative)

95
Q

When describing a person, do you change the gender of the noun to agree with the gender of the person?

Does this also apply to animals?

A

Yes

No

96
Q

To say something is late, which verbs do you use? (2)

A

ir (to go)
llegar (to arrive)

You DO NOT use ser or estar

97
Q

Letters of the alphabet are always masculine. True or false?

A

False - they are always feminine

98
Q

Do months start with capital letters?

A

No

99
Q

Do days of the week start with capital letters?

A

No

100
Q

Do languages start with capital letters?

A

No

101
Q

Do nationalities start with capital letters?

A

No

102
Q

Do job titles start with capital letters?

A

No

103
Q

Which tense does ‘buscar’ usually go with and why?

A

The subjunctive, because you don’t know if you will find what you’re looking for

104
Q

How do you say ‘I tried’?

A

lo intenté

(has to go with lo)

105
Q

Do you use ‘poder’ with the following verbs if you’re trying to say ‘I can’t [verb]’?

escuchar
ver
acordarse
recorder
entender

A

No - you just use them in the negative

e.g. I can’t hear you = no te escuscho

106
Q

What is the past continuous?

Which past tense does it take?

How do you form it?

A

Describing something you were doing continuously in the past, e.g. ‘I was washing up when…’

Can take the PP, PI or imperfect; depends on what is being said.

estar + [gerund]
estar can be in the PP, PI or imperfect

107
Q

When can you use the PI in the past continuous?

A

When the time period / action has finished

108
Q

What’s the difference between ‘parar’ and ‘dejar de’?

A

parar = to stop (but you don’t specify what OR followed by a noun)

dejar de + [infinitive] = to stop (doing something specific)

109
Q

What’s the difference between:

decir a
decir que

A

decir a = to say to
decir que = to say (not to anyone specific, e.g. digo que no = I said no)

110
Q

How does word order (of the subject and verb) differ in Spanish and English?

A

In English, the subject comes first e.g. Peter called this morning

In Spanish, the verb comes first e.g. llamó Pedro esta mañana

111
Q

Do words that end in -ista agree with the noun?

A

No, the ending doesn’t change BUT the article does change to agree

112
Q

Generally, if a word ends in -o/-a, it changes to agree with the noun. Give 3 common exceptions to this.

A

pareja = partner
victima = victim
persona = person

113
Q

What is ‘vos’?

A

A pronoun used in Argentina and Uruguay (maybe also Paraguay?) to mean ‘tú’

114
Q

Indefinites, pg109:

‘poco’ can go with a noun or an adjective.

What does ‘poco + [noun]’ mean?

What is it the opposite of?

Does it have to agree with the noun?

A

few/not many [noun]

mucho

Yes

115
Q

Indefinites, pg109:

‘poco’ can go with a noun or an adjective.

What does ‘poco + [adjective]’ mean?

What is it the opposite of?

Does it have to agree with anything?

A

not very [adjective]

muy

No

116
Q

Indefinites, pg109:

‘poco’ can go with a noun or an adjective.

What does ‘un poco de [noun]’ mean?

Does it have to agree with the noun?

A

a little of [noun]

No

117
Q

Indefinites, pg109:

‘poco’ can go with a noun or an adjective.

What does ‘un poco [adjective]’ mean?

Does it have to agree with anything?

A

a bit [adjective]

No

118
Q

Indefinites, pg109:

Does ‘mucho’ need to agree with nouns?

A

Yes

119
Q

Indefinites, pg109:

Does ‘mucho’ need to agree with adverbs?

A

No

120
Q

Indefinites, pg109:

Does ‘mucho’ need to agree with adjectives?

A

No

121
Q

Indefinites, pg109:

Does ‘bastante’ need to agree with nouns?

A

Yes

You don’t need to change the -e for gender though, only add an -s if plural

122
Q

Indefinites, pg109:

Does ‘demasiado’ need to agree with nouns?

A

Yes

123
Q

Indefinites, pg109:

Does ‘bastante’ need to agree with adjectives?

A

No

124
Q

Indefinites, pg109:

Does ‘demasiado’ need to agree with adjectives?

A

No

125
Q

Indefinites, pg109:

What do the following mean?

bastante + [noun]
bastante + [adjective]

A

quite a lot of [noun]
quite [adjective]

126
Q

Indefinites, pg109:

What do the following mean?

demasiado + [noun]
demasiado + [adjective]

A

too many [noun]
too [adjective]

127
Q

Impersonal ‘se’, pg117:

Why use ‘se’ as a subject pronoun?

What is it equivalent to in French?

What does ‘¿cómo se dice…?’ literally mean?

How do you conjugate the verb for this subject pronoun?

A

To mean ‘one’

‘on’ in French

‘How does one say…?’

Put it in third person

128
Q

If talking about hair or eyes, you drop the article. True or false?

A

False - you keep the article

tengo el pelo liso
tengo los ojos azules

129
Q

What verb does ‘difícil’ always go with?

A

Ser

130
Q

What verb does ‘bien’ always go with?

A

Estar

131
Q

Can you use the gerund without estar?

A

No

132
Q

‘grande’ before a noun is always written as ‘grande’. True or false?

A

False - if ‘grande’ comes before a noun, it is shortened to ‘gran’

NB the gender is irrelevant, it’s always ‘gran’

133
Q

Is the verb for ‘to relax’ reflexive?

A

No - it’s ‘descansar’

134
Q

What do these two phrases mean and why are they different?

‘demasiado x’
‘tan x’

A

demasiado = too
tan = so

‘demasiado’ has more negative connotations, while ‘tan’ is just emphatic

135
Q

When talking about distance, what do you use?

A

estar a

136
Q

If you’re trying to say an approximate quantity of something, what should you use?

What else could you use but it sounds weird?

A

unos + [noun]

sobre - means ‘around’ but not really used with quantity/numbers

137
Q

Both ‘venir’ and ‘ir’ can be used when you’d say ‘coming’ in English. When should you use each one in Spanish?

A

venir = when you’re already at the place and you’re asking someone to COME and join you there

ir = when you’re going to a place someone is already at, i.e. ‘I’m COMING’ = ‘voy’

138
Q

If you are listing nouns, do you need the article every time?

A

Only if the gender changes

139
Q

Choosing between past tenses:

Which tense should you use if you’re DESCRIBING something in the past, even if that thing still exists?

Which tense should you use if you’re describing an event that is over?

A

The imperfect

The pretérito indefinido

140
Q

If you’re describing a person in the past who is still alive now, what tense should you use?

A

The imperfect

141
Q

If you’re describing a person in the past who is dead now, what tense should you use?

A

The pretérito indefinido

142
Q

You can’t have ‘y’ (and) followed by a word that starts with the same sound, e.g. ‘Izzy’. What should you replace the ‘y’ with?

A

‘e’

143
Q

If you’re describing a holiday that is over, which tense should you use?

A

The pretérito indefinido

144
Q

Which preposition do you use with places?

Give the examples:
I live in London
I am at the gym

A

en

Vivo en Londres
Estoy en el gymnasio

145
Q

The preposition ‘por’ is usually used for everything that doesn’t mean ‘for’ in English, e.g. ‘along’, ‘through’ etc. True or false?

If in doubt, what should you use and why?

A

True

‘Para’, because it’s ‘para’ is used more than ‘por’

146
Q

The verb sentirse (to feel) is always reflexive EXCEPT…

A

when it is followed by a noun

If you’re saying how you or someone else felt in themselves, it’s always reflexive

zz Spanish grammar (32 decks)

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