Gram+ rods, c. tetanus

Question 1

How many types of serotypes are there in C. tetanus? what is the common b/w them? and difference?

Answer 1

10 serotypes.
same toxin
same O antigen.
different in flagellar antigen.

Question 2

Mention the types and functions of C. tetanus toxins?

Answer 2

1_ tetanolysin: cause hemolysis on blood agar.

2_Tetanospasmin: polypeptide nueorotoxin.

Question 3

Mention the modes of transmission of C. tetanus.

Answer 3

1_nail prick
2_contaminated surgical wound,during illegal abortion
3_gunshot wound,stab wound,any cut wound
4_animal bites
5_skin popping
6_ umbilical stump

Question 4

why does tetanus attack not provide immunity for future attacks?

Answer 4

b/c the toxin is potent and minimal amount will induce the symptoms of the disease.

Question 5

Mention some clinical manifestations of C. tetanus.

Answer 5

1_spasm of jaw,facial,neck muscels«trismus»
2_sardonic grin
3_dysphagia
4_opisthotonos
5_Death caused by respiratory and cardiac arrest.
6-neonatal tetanus

Question 6

What’s the possible examination of c. tetanus?

Answer 6

1_microscopic examination of wound swap
2_direct immuonoflourescent staining
3_culture on blood agar
4_Animal incolution

Question 7

cocerning active immunization of C. tetanus.. 
combinations possible? 
number of doses
age
booster dose
risks

Answer 7

1_DTP:three intramascular injections
2.4.6.18 months
booster every 10 years but for TD.
it may cause encaphalitis after 6 age

2_DTaP:
at 2.4.6 months + booster at 18 months+4.6 years.
booster dose for those 10.18 years.

Question 8

What’s done in C. tetanus treatment?

Answer 8

1_Keep the patient in quite dark room
2_proper care of wound
3_give antitoxin at once 
4_HTIG
5_pencillin and metronidazole
6_adequate airway maintained and respiratory support.
7_benzodiazepines, valium