chapter 1,introduction

Question 1

Mention the sex major phenotypic classifications of bacteria.

Answer 1

true bacteria
spirochetes
mycoplasms
ricketisae and chlamydiea
actinomycetes

Question 2

Mention some characteristics of spirochetes.

Answer 2

has modified outer sheath and axial filament
chemohetrotrophs.
free living, symbiotic, parasitic.
pathogenic genera; BTL

Question 3

compare bw borrellia, treponema, leptospira.

Answer 3

1_ large spirals, wide irregular and few coils
2_thin, small regular coils
3_long, thin, tightly coiled.

Question 3

compare bw borrellia, treponema, leptospira.

Answer 3

1_ large spirals, wide irregular and few coils
2_thin, small regular coils
3_long, thin, tightly coiled.

Question 4

what’s the dimension of the majority of bacteria?

Answer 4

0.2-5 m
cocci: 0.5-2m
Bacilli:0.25-1 m

Question 4

what’s the dimension of the majority of bacteria?

Answer 4

0.2-5 m
cocci: 0.5-2m
Bacilli:0.25-1 m

Question 5

give two examples for oxidative bacteria to carbs.

Answer 5

pseudomonas, micrococcus

Question 6

give two examples for fermentation to carbs bacteria.

Answer 6

E. coli, S. aureus

Question 7

Staph. epidermis, staph. saprophyticus belong to which group hemolysis, and what is their shape?

Answer 7

non hemolytic

staphylococci

Question 8

give an example for the obligate aerobes

Answer 8

M. tuberclosis

psedumonas aeruginosa

Question 9

classify clostidium ssp according to gram stain, and oxygen demand.

Answer 9

gram stain positive bacilli

obligate anaerobic

Question 10

give an example for aerotolerant anaerobes?

Answer 10

C. perfringes.

Question 11

give the accurate T for: 
1_Thermophiles 
2_hyperthermophiles
3_mesophiles
4_psycrotrophic
5_psychrophilic

Answer 11

1_45-60...45 optimum
2_abov 60
3_20-45
4_7 optimal T is higher
5_10--15

Question 12

give the accurate T for: 
1_Thermophiles 
2_hyperthermophiles
3_mesophiles
4_psycrotrophic
5_psychrophilic

Answer 12

1_45-60...45 optimum
2_abov 60
3_20-45
4_7 optimal T is higher
5_10--15

Question 13

give an example for both acidophiles and alkaliphiles, and their ph values?

Answer 13

lactobacilli ph =4

vibrio cholera ph=8\9

Question 14

Give the atmospheric pressure for each:
1_barophils
2_barotolerant
3_extreme barophile

Answer 14

1- above 400
2-can withstand in 400 but prefer 1
3-above 700

Question 15

give the NACL  percent with an example for: 
1_mild halophiles
2_moderate 
3_extreme
4_halotolerant

Answer 15

1_1_6% erythrobactor flavus.
2_6-15% S.aureus,enterococcus.
3_15_30% salinibactor ruber.
4_moderate or better absence _alteromonas, lactobacilli, bacillus myxococcus, pedicoccus, cyanobacteria.

Question 16

mention the characteristics of E. coli.

Answer 16

1_gram nigitive bacilli
2_non fastidious
3_rapid growth
4_non pigment producer
5_non halophile
6_ferment carbs
7_non spore forming